Numerical investigation of flow pattern and components of three-dimensional velocity around a submerged T-shaped spur dike in a 90° bend

Spur dike is one of the river training structures. This work presented a numerical simulation of flow field and three-dimensional velocity around a T-shaped spur dike located in bend using SSIIM model. The main objective of this work is to investigate the three-dimensional velocities and streamlines at transverse and longitudinal sections and plan views around the T-shaped spur dike in different submergence ratios(0, 5%, 15%, 25% and 50%). It is concluded that by increasing the submergence ratio from 5% to 50%, the maximum of scour is reduced; the maximum of longitudinal velocity increases by 7.7% and occurs at the water surface in spur dike axis. Near the bed, the maximum of vertical velocity occurs at the end of spur wing. By analyzing the streamlines at transverse sections, the followings were deduced for different submergence ratios: different dimensions and different positions of vortices around the spur dike.

Burden of traffic accidents among pedestrians of Fars province, southern Iran; estimate of years of life lost in a sample of Iranian population from 2009 to 2013

PurposeTraffic 损害在死亡和世界范围的病态的领先的原因之中。行人在道路用户之中被看作了一个高风险的组，特别在中间收入或低收入的社区。这研究试图在 Fars 决定行人死亡的负担，用 approach.MethodsThe 数据在这研究使用了的丧生的(YLL ) 的年的伊朗的南部的省在步行交通事故上从 Fars 法庭的药组织数据库被检索。从 2009 ～ 2013 的 YLL 用世界健康组织介绍的方法被估计。行人死亡的一些流行病学的特征被 SPSS.ResultsAlthough YLL 在 1000 个男行人之中分析在 2013 在 2009 ～ 1.5 从 2.5 减少了，它在一样的时期期间在 1000 女性之中从 0.9 ～ 2.1 增加了。死亡的更高的比例在女性，文盲，和结婚行人被发现(p ?<? 0.001 ) 。另外，死亡在行人生活是更高的城市在白天期间，在家，并且在医院里(p ?<? 0.001 ) 有全球趋势的 .ConclusionConsistent，在 Fars 的步行事故的负担也特别高。考虑不同乡村的国家、文化的方面，改进行人的安全有关考虑的政策，规则，行人，机动车辆和环境条件与 interventional 因素要求一条多维的途径。