Isoimperatorin alleviates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats

Objective:To investigate the effect of isoimperatorin on histopathological and biochemical changes in acetic acid-induced colitis rats.Methods:Colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of acetic acid solution(4%v/v)in rats.Rats were divided into six groups including the sham group,the negative control group,the dexamethasone-treated group,and the groups treated with isoimperatorin(0.1,1,and 10 mg/kg/d by gavage).The treatments were administered for three days and then colonic status was assessed by macroscopic,histopathological,and biochemical analyses.Results:Isoimperatorin significantly alleviated colonic damage in a dose-dependent manner and improved histological changes in rats with acetic acid-induced colitis.It also significantly reduced myeloperoxidase,TNF-α,IL-1β,and malodialdehyde levels.Conclusions:Isoimperatorin alleviates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats and may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of colitis.

Beneficial effect of butyrate, Lactobacillus casei and L-carnitine combination in preference to each in experimental colitis

AIM: To investigate the beneficial effect of the combination of butyrate, Lactobacillus casei, and L-carnitine in a rat colitis model.METHODS: Rats were divided into seven groups. Fourgroups received oral butyrate, L-carnitine, Lactobacillus casei and the combination of three agents for 10 consecutive days. The remaining groups included negative and positive controls and a sham group. Macroscopic, histopathological examinations, and biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) and interlukin-1β(IL-1β), myeloperoxidase(MPO), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), and ferric reduced ability of plasma(FRAP) were determined in the colon.RESULTS: The combination therapy exhibited a significant beneficial effect in alleviation of colitis compared to controls. Overall changes in reduction of TNF-α(114.66 ± 18.26 vs 171.78 ± 9.48 pg/mg protein, P < 0.05), IL-1β(24.9 ± 1.07 vs 33.06 ± 2.16 pg/mg protein, P < 0.05), TBARS(0.2 ± 0.03 vs 0.49 ± 0.04 μg/mg protein, P < 0.01), MPO(15.32 ± 0.4 vs 27.24 ± 3.84 U/mg protein, P < 0.05), and elevation of FRAP(23.46 ± 1.2 vs 15.02 ± 2.37 μmol/L, P < 0.05) support the preference of the combination therapy in comparison to controls. Although the monotherapies were also effective in improvement of colitis markers, the combination therapy was much better in improvement of colon oxidative stress markers including FRAP, TBARS, and MPO.CONCLUSION: The present combination is a suitable mixture in control of experimental colitis and should be trialed in the clinical setting.

Promising effect of Magliasa, a traditional Iranian formula, on experimental colitis on the basis of biochemical and cellular findings

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of Magliasa, a traditional Iranian formula, on experimental colitis. METHODS: After botanical authentication of herbal ingredients, formulation of Magliasa, quantitative determination of total glucosinolates and total phenolic content, and analysis of the thin layer chromatography profile were performed. Colitis was then induced in male rats by instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in all groups, aside from the Sham group.The experimental groups consisted of: the Sham group that received only normal saline; the Mag-50, Mag-100 and Mag-200 groups, which received 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg per day of Magliasa, respectively; the control group, which received vehicle water orally; the infliximab group, which received infliximab (5 mg/kg per day, subcutaneously); and the Dexa group, which received dexamethasone (1 mg/kg per day, orally). After completing the treatment period (2 wk), the rats were sacrificed, the colon was removed, its macroscopic and microscopic changes were recorded, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), total antioxidant capacity, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were assessed in colon homogenate.RESULTS: The mean value of total glucosinolates in one gram of Magliasa was 19 ± 1 μmol. The mean value of the total phenolic content was 293.8 ± 17.6 mg gallic acid equivalents per 100 gram of Magliasa. Macroscopic scores were significantly decreased in Mag-100 (1.80 ± 0.58, P = 0.019) and Mag-200 (1.20 ± 0.20, P = 0.001) compared to the control group (3.40 ± 0.24), although some inflammation and hyperemia were evident. Treatment of rats by dexamethasone (0.33 ± 0.21, P < 0.001) and infliximab (0.83 ± 0.31, P < 0.001) remarkably attenuated scores where mild hyperemia was observed macroscopically. In comparison to the control group (4.00 ± 0.32), only Mag-200 (1.60 ± 0.40) showed a significant decrease in colonic histopathological scores (P = 0.005). Minimal mucosal inflammation was observed in the Dexa group (0.67 ± 0.21, P < 0.001). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1b and MPO were significantly lower in all groups compared to the controls (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in LPO was seen in the Mag-200 (3.27 ± 0.77, P = 0.01) and Dexa (3.44 ± 0.22, P = 0.011) groups in comparison to the control group (6.43 ± 0.61). Only dexamethasone caused a significant increase in antioxidant power in comparison to the control group (346.73 ± 9.9 vs 228.33 ± 2.75, P < 0.001). Infliximab and different doses of Magliasa did not show any remarkable increase in antioxidant capacity (P > 0.05). The effect of Magliasa in all of mentioned parameters, except antioxidant capacity, was dose dependent.CONCLUSION: The effects of Magliasa in TNBS-induced colitis are encouraging and warrant clinical trials for further confirmation.

Biochemical and cellular evidence of the benefit of a combination of cerium oxide nanoparticles and selenium to diabetic rats

AIM: To study the combinative effects of nanocerium and selenium in a murine model of diabetes. METHODS: Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (60 mg/kg per day) and sodium selenite (5 μmol/kg per day) aloneor in combination, or the metal form of CeO2 (60 mg/kg) were administered for 2 wk by intraperitoneal injection to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. At the end of treatment blood was collected, liver tissue dissected and then oxidative stress markers, extent of energy depletion and lipid prof ile were evaluated.RESULTS: Antioxidant enzymes and high density lipoprotein decreased whereas oxidative stress, adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphospahte levels, cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein increased on induction of diabetes. All were improved by a combination of nanocerium and sodium selenite. There was a relative amelioration by CeO2 nanoparticles or sodium selenite alone, but the metal form of CeO2 showed no signif icant improvement. CONCLUSION: The combination of nanocerium and sodium selenite is more effective than either alone in improving diabetes-induced oxidative stress.

Phosalone-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the colon: evaluation and treatment

AIM: To investigate the side effects of phosalone on intestinal cells and to evaluate benefits of ellagic acid(EA) as a remedy.METHODS: In order to conduct an in vivo study, a rat model was used. The rats were divided into ten groups based on the materials used in the experiment and their dosage. The first group was fed normally. The second group was administered EA through gavage. Next Four groups were given(1/3, 1/5, 1/10, 1/20) LD50 phosalone; an organophosphorus compound. The last four groups received(1/3, 1/5, 1/10, 1/20) LD50 phosalone and of EA. After one month, the rats were sacrificed and their colon cells were examined to evaluate the level of inflammation, proteins and oxidative stress markers.RESULTS: The results of this research show that phosalone elevates oxidative stress and changes the level of tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-α), interlukin-6β(IL-6β) and nuclear factor(NF)-κB proteins. EA administration reduced phosalone toxicity and changed oxidative stress and inflammatory markers for all phosalone doses. Overall changes in reduction of TNF-α(230.47 ± 16.55 pg/mg protein vs 546.43 ± 45.24 pg/mg protein, P < 0.001), IL-6β(15.85 ± 1.03 pg/mg protein vs 21.55 ± 1.3 pg/mg protein, P < 0.05), and NF-κB(32.47 ± 4.85 pg/mg protein vs 51.41 ± 0.71 pg/mg protein, P < 0.05) manifest that the efficacy of EA is more viable for 1/3 LD50 dose of phosalone. Furthermore, EA is effective to counteract the negative outcomes of oxidative stress. When EA was used to treat 1/3 LD50 of phosalone's side effects, it improved the level of ACh E activity(48.5% ± 6% vs 25% ± 7%, P < 0.05), TTM(0.391 ± 0.008 mmol/L vs 0.249 ± 0.032 mmol/L, P < 0.05), FRAP(46.04 ± 5.005 μmol/L vs 18.22 ± 1.9 μmol/L, P < 0.01) and MPO(0.222 ± 0.019 U/mg protein vs 0.387 ± 0.04 U/mg protein, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This research highlights that EA is effective to alleviate the side effects of phosalone by reducing the level of oxidative stress and inflammatory proteins.

The protective effect of a standardized hydroalcoholic extract of Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J.F.Macbr. fruit in a rat model for experimental ulcerative colitis

Background:Investigating new therapies for inflammatory bowel disease among natural products has recently been gaining attention.Although Prosopis farcta has repeatedly been mentioned in traditional Persian medicine as a therapeutic option for inflammatory bowel disease,no evidence-based investigations have been conducted on this topic.The aim of this study was to assess the impact of P.farcta on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats.Methods:A hydroalcoholic extract of P.farcta fruits was prepared.Thirty-six adult Wistar rats were divided into six groups,and colitis was induced in five groups,except the sham group,using acetic acid solution.The animals received distinctive daily doses of P.farcta(50,75,and 100 mg/kg/day,p.o.)and dexamethasone(1 mg/kg/day,i.p.)as standard treatment for two progressive days,starting from colitis induction.Microscopic and histopathological examinations were performed on inflamed colonic tissue.Tissue concentrations of interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-αwere assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.To identify the role of oxidative stress in ulcerative colitis,the levels of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase were measured in colon tissues.Results:Treatment with all concentrations of P.farcta attenuated inflammation and ulcers compared with saline treatment in the control group(P<0.01 for 50 mg/kg;P<0.001 for 75 and 100 mg/kg/day).The best suppression of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-1βwas observed at a dose of 100 mg/kg P.farcta(P<0.001).This dose showed the best effect in reducing myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde in ulcerative colitis-induced rats(P<0.001).Conclusion:P.farcta can be considered a promising candidate for treating ulcerative colitis;thus,it requires further confirmation by clinical trials.