Acquired hemophilia A in solid cancer: Two case reports and review of the literature

Acquired hemophilia A （AHA） is a rare, hemorrhagic autoimmune disease, whose pathogenesis involves reduced coagulation factor Ⅷ （FⅧ） activity related to the appearance of inhibitors against FⅧ. Common etiological factors include autoimmune diseases, ma-lignancy, and pregnancy. We report two cases of AHA in solid cancer. The first case is a 63-year-old man who developed peritoneal and intestinal bleeding after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. He was diagnosed with AHA, and was treated with prednisone, followed by cyclophosphamide. In the second case, a 68-year-old man developed a subcutaneous hemorrhage. He was diagnosed with AHA in hepatocellular carcinoma on CT imaging, and treated with rituximab alone. Hemostasis was achieved for both patients without bypassing agents as the amount of inhibitors was reduced and eradicated. However, both patients died within 1 yeardue to cancer progression. Successful treatment for AHA in solid cancer can be diffcult because treatment of the underlying malignancy is also required.

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT imaging for a gastrointestinal mantle cell lymphoma with multiple lymphomatous polyposis

Multiple lymphomatous polyposis(MLP)is an uncommon type of gastrointestinal lymphoma characterized by the presence of multiple polyps along the gastrointestinal tract.Most of this entity is in fact considered the counterpart of gastrointestinal tract involvement for mantle cell lymphoma(MCL).To our knowledge,there have been no reports on[fluorine-18]-fluorodeoxy-glucose(18F-FDG)-positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography(CT)imaging for gastrointestinal MCL with MLP.We present the results of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in a patient with gastrointestinal tract involvement of MCL showing continuous MLP from the stomach to the rectum and intestinal intussusception.FDG-PET/CT findings were false negative in typical MLP spreading widely over the gastrointestinal tract,but uptake was noted in large lesions with deep infiltration considered atypical as MLP.On FDG-PET/CT imaging,the Ki-67proliferative index,which is a cell proliferation marker,showed neither correlation with the presence of uptake nor the maximum standardized uptake value.

ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma presenting multiple lymphomatous polyposis: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Anaplastic large cell lymphoma(ALCL)is a type of T-cell lymphoma that can be divided into two categories:anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive(ALK+)and ALK-negative.Gastrointestinal ALK+ALCL is rare.Multiple lymphomatous polyposis(MLP)is thought to be a representative form of gastrointestinal lesion in mantle cell lymphoma,and T-cell lymphomas seldom show this feature.Here,we report the first known case of ALK+ALCL with gastroduodenal involvement to present with MLP.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 43-year-old man who was complained of a mass in the left inguinal area and was performed open biopsy.ALK+ALCL was diagnosed pathologically.Computed tomography scan demonstrated multiple lymph node lesions in the abdomen-pelvis/inguinal region,and scattered nodular lesions in both lung fields.He did not complain of gastrointestinal symptoms.While,esophagogastroduodenoscopy identified MLP lesions from the antrum of the stomach to the descending portion of the duodenum and mild thickened folds on the corpus of the stomach,and biopsy showed invasion of ALK+ALCL.We treated this patient with six cycles of CHOEP(Cyclophosphamide,Doxorubicin,Vincristine,Etoposide,and Prednisone)chemotherapy.At the conclusion of treatment,there was complete remission.Numerous white scars were found on the stomach,endoscopically consistent with a remission image of lymphoma.The endoscopic features of this case were thought to be similar to those of MCL.CONCLUSION The macroscopic/endoscopic features of gastrointestinal ALK+ALCL may be more similar to those of B-cell lymphomas rather than T-cell lymphomas.

Effects of Heterogeneous Condensation on the Transonic Flow Fields on a Bump Model

In the present study, effect of the heterogeneous condensation on the characteristics of shock wave generated on the bump model in the transonic flow field was investigated numerically. As a result, it was found that, for the flow field with steady adiabatic shock wave on the bump model, the condensation with heterogeneous nucleation has a strong effect on the whole flow field, and it reduced the strength of the shock. Furthermore, the total pressure loss was dependent on the concentration of the solid particles per unit volume.

Effect of Axisymmetric Sonic Nozzle Geometry on Characteristics of Supersonic Air Jet

The effect of nozzle geometry on sonic line and characteristics of supersonic air jet was studied. Computational fluid dynamics was applied in this study. The axisymmetric nozzle geometries investigated were two different contour converging nozzles, two different conically converging sharp-edged nozzles and a sharp-edged orifice. The results show that the supersonic jet structure, sonic line and streamlines in supersonic jet are strongly influenced by the nozzle geometry, and the total pressure loss increases with the increase of Mach disk diameter. The present numerical simulation is an effective tool to evaluate compressible flows in supersonic air jet.

Passive Control of Condensation Shock Wave in Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Flow

In this paper, the effects of the passive technique by using the slotted wall on the characteristics of a condensation shock wave generated in a Prandtl-Meyer flow were investigated experimentally. Furthermore, in order to clarify the variation of condensation properties in the flow field, Navier-Stokes equations were solved numerically using a 3rd-order MUSCL type TVD finite-difference scheme with a second-order fractional-step for time integration. Baldwin-Lomax model was used as a turbulence model in the computations. From experimental results, it was found that the shock strength on the slotted wall became weak in comparison with no passive case (solid wall), and the present passive technique was the most effective when a foot of the condensation shock wave was located at the middle of slotted wall. Furthermore, it was confirmed numerically that the passive technique was also effective for the unsteady condensation shock wave.

Generation of Overpressure due to Condensation in Moist Air Jet

In the present study, a computational fluid dynamics method has been applied to investigate the effects of initial degree of supersaturation at reservoir condition on under-expanded sonic jet structures, such as Mach disk location and diameter, barrel shock wave and jet boundary. The axisymmetric nozzle geometry investigated was a converging nozzle with straight part. As a result, it was found that the overpressures due to condensation generate and the characteristics of flow with generation of overpressure due to condensation in the jet were different from those without condensation.

A Study of Under-expanded Moist Air Jet Impinging on a Flat Plate

When a gas expands through a convergent nozzle in which the ratio of the ambient to the stagnation pressures is higher than that of the critical one, the issuing jet from the nozzle is under-expanded. If a flat plate is placed normal to the jet at a certain distance from the nozzle, a detached shock wave is formed at a region between the nozzle exit and the plate. In general, supersonic moist air jet technologies with non-equilibrium condensation are very often applied to industrial manufacturing processes. In spite of the importance in major characteristics of the supersonic moist air jets impinging to a solid body, its qualitative characteristics are not known satisfactorily. In the present study, the effect of the non-equilibrium condensation on the under-expanded air jet impinging on a vertical flat plate is investigated numerically in the case with non-equilibrium condensation, frequency of oscillation for the flow field becomes larger than that without the non-equilibrium condensation, and amplitudes of static pressure become small compared with those of dry air. Furthermore, the numerical results are compared with experimental ones.