Objective: To evaluate NS1 antigen detection ELISA for the early laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the overall positivity of NS1 antigen detection ELI...Objective: To evaluate NS1 antigen detection ELISA for the early laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the overall positivity of NS1 antigen detection ELISA and its comparison with viral RNA detection via real time PCR and Ig M antibodies detection by ELISA. Results: A total of 1 270 serum samples were tested 86%(1 097/1 270) were detected positive by one or more than one diagnostic test. Out of 1 270, 64%(807/1 270) were positive by NS1 ELISA and 52%(662/1 270), 51%(646/1 270) were positive by real-time RT-PCR and Ig M ELISA respectively.Conclusions: NS1 antigen detection ELISA is highly suitable diagnostic tools and it also has great value for use in outbreak and epidemic situation.展开更多
Objective:To High light some epidemiological,clinical and diagnostic features of dengue fever during an outbreak and the role of different diagnostic techniques to achieve the highest level of accuracy in results.Meth...Objective:To High light some epidemiological,clinical and diagnostic features of dengue fever during an outbreak and the role of different diagnostic techniques to achieve the highest level of accuracy in results.Methods:Blood samples(n=323) were collected along with epidemiological and clinical data from suspected dengue patients who visited different hospitals in Swat and Mansehra district of Pakistan between May-November 2013 during a dengue outbreak.Samples were tested for the detection of viral nucleic acid by real-lime PCR.non structural protein-1(NS1antigen and IgM antibodies by ELISA.Results:Out of 323 cases with clinical dengue infection,304 were positive by one or more diagnostic parameter:201 samples were positive by real-time PCR,209 were positive by NS1 ELISA and 190 were positive by IgM antibodies.Sensitivities of real-time PCR and NS1 F.LISA were comparable for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection.IgM antibody detection assay was found useful for the diagnosis in the samples collected later than day 5 of onset.Conclusions:The use of real-lime PCR or detection of non stnictural protein NS 1 by ELISA followed by IgM antibodies detection can be recommended for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection with a high level of accuracy.展开更多
COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious public health crisis for developed and developing countries around the world.As of February 17,2022,over 420 million cases including 5.8 million deaths have been reported across ...COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious public health crisis for developed and developing countries around the world.As of February 17,2022,over 420 million cases including 5.8 million deaths have been reported across the globe[1].The first case of COVID-19 in Pakistan was detected on February 26,2020;since then,the toll of confirmed COVID-19 cases reached 1491423 including 29877 deaths as of February 17,2022[1].展开更多
COVID-19 has swept globally and Pakistan is no exception.To investigate the initial introductions and transmissions of the SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan,we performed the largest genomic epidemiology study of COVID-19 in Paki...COVID-19 has swept globally and Pakistan is no exception.To investigate the initial introductions and transmissions of the SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan,we performed the largest genomic epidemiology study of COVID-19 in Pakistan and generated 150 complete SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from samples collected from March 16 to June 1,2020.We identified a total of 347 mutated positions,31 of which were over-represented in Pakistan.Meanwhile,we found over 1000 intra-host single-nucleotide variants(iSNVs).Several of them occurred concurrently,indicating possible interactions among them or coevolution.Some of the high-frequency iSNVs in Pakistan were not observed in the global population,suggesting strong purifying selections.The genomic epidemiology revealed five distinctive spreading clusters.The largest cluster consisted of 74 viruses which were derived from different geographic locations of Pakistan and formed a deep hierarchical structure,indicating an extensive and persistent nation-wide transmission of the virus that was probably attributed to a signature mutation(G8371T in ORF1ab)of this cluster.Furthermore,28 putative international introductions were identified,several of which are consistent with the epidemiological investigations.In all,this study has inferred the possible pathways of introductions and transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan,which could aid ongoing and future viral surveillance and COVID-19 control.展开更多
Background:Dengue virus is the causative agent of dengue fever,a vector borne infection which causes selflimiting to life threatening disease in humans.A sero-epidemiological study was conducted to understand the curr...Background:Dengue virus is the causative agent of dengue fever,a vector borne infection which causes selflimiting to life threatening disease in humans.A sero-epidemiological study was conducted to understand the current epidemiology of dengue virus in Pakistan which is now known as a dengue endemic country after its first reported outbreak in 1994.Methods:To investigate the prevalence of dengue virus in Pakistan during 2009-2014,a total of 9,493 blood samples were screened for the detection of anti-dengue IgM antibodies using ELISA.Clinical and demographic features available with hospital records were reviewed to ascertain mortalities related to dengue hemorrhagic shock syndrome.Results:Out of 9,493 samples tested,37%(3,504)were found positive for anti-dengue IgM antibodies.Of the seropositive cases,73.6%(2,578/3,504)were male and 26.4%(926/3,504)were female.The highest number(382/929;41.1%)of sero-positive cases was observed among the individuals of age group 31-40 years.The highest number of symptomatic cases was reported in October(46%;4,400/9,493),and the highest number of sero-positive cases among symptomatic cases was observed in November(45.7%;806/1,764).Mean annual patient incidence(MAPI)during 2009-2014 in Pakistan remained 0.30 with the highest annual patient incidence(11.03)found in Islamabad.According to the available medical case record,472 dengue related deaths were reported during 2009-2014.Conclusion:The data from earlier reports in Pakistan described the dengue virus incidence from limited areas of the country.Our findings are important considering the testing of clinical samples at a larger scale covering patients of vast geographical regions and warrants timely implementation of dengue vector surveillance and control programs.Trial registration number:It is an epidemiological research study,so trial registration is not required.展开更多
The rapid spread of SARS-Co V-2 has significantly impacted the worldwide health system.The SARS-Co V-2 currently bears a remarkably low genetic diversity even though it carries one of the largest RNA genomes among vir...The rapid spread of SARS-Co V-2 has significantly impacted the worldwide health system.The SARS-Co V-2 currently bears a remarkably low genetic diversity even though it carries one of the largest RNA genomes among viruses(Rausch et al.,2020).However,the coronaviruses harbor the capability of undergoing recombination at a high rate which can lead to the emergence of novel viral derivatives(Rausch et al.,2020;Gribble et al.,2021).展开更多
文摘Objective: To evaluate NS1 antigen detection ELISA for the early laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infection. Methods: The present study was conducted to evaluate the overall positivity of NS1 antigen detection ELISA and its comparison with viral RNA detection via real time PCR and Ig M antibodies detection by ELISA. Results: A total of 1 270 serum samples were tested 86%(1 097/1 270) were detected positive by one or more than one diagnostic test. Out of 1 270, 64%(807/1 270) were positive by NS1 ELISA and 52%(662/1 270), 51%(646/1 270) were positive by real-time RT-PCR and Ig M ELISA respectively.Conclusions: NS1 antigen detection ELISA is highly suitable diagnostic tools and it also has great value for use in outbreak and epidemic situation.
文摘Objective:To High light some epidemiological,clinical and diagnostic features of dengue fever during an outbreak and the role of different diagnostic techniques to achieve the highest level of accuracy in results.Methods:Blood samples(n=323) were collected along with epidemiological and clinical data from suspected dengue patients who visited different hospitals in Swat and Mansehra district of Pakistan between May-November 2013 during a dengue outbreak.Samples were tested for the detection of viral nucleic acid by real-lime PCR.non structural protein-1(NS1antigen and IgM antibodies by ELISA.Results:Out of 323 cases with clinical dengue infection,304 were positive by one or more diagnostic parameter:201 samples were positive by real-time PCR,209 were positive by NS1 ELISA and 190 were positive by IgM antibodies.Sensitivities of real-time PCR and NS1 F.LISA were comparable for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection.IgM antibody detection assay was found useful for the diagnosis in the samples collected later than day 5 of onset.Conclusions:The use of real-lime PCR or detection of non stnictural protein NS 1 by ELISA followed by IgM antibodies detection can be recommended for early diagnosis of dengue virus infection with a high level of accuracy.
文摘COVID-19 pandemic has become a serious public health crisis for developed and developing countries around the world.As of February 17,2022,over 420 million cases including 5.8 million deaths have been reported across the globe[1].The first case of COVID-19 in Pakistan was detected on February 26,2020;since then,the toll of confirmed COVID-19 cases reached 1491423 including 29877 deaths as of February 17,2022[1].
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFC0863300,2020YFC0848900,and 2016YFE0206600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82161148009)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(Grant Nos.XDA19090116 and XDB38060100)the Open Biodiversity and Health Big Data Programme of International Union of Biological Sciences,International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.153F11KYSB20160008)the Professional Association of the Alliance of International Science Organizations(Grant No.ANSO-PA-2020-07)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2017141)。
文摘COVID-19 has swept globally and Pakistan is no exception.To investigate the initial introductions and transmissions of the SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan,we performed the largest genomic epidemiology study of COVID-19 in Pakistan and generated 150 complete SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from samples collected from March 16 to June 1,2020.We identified a total of 347 mutated positions,31 of which were over-represented in Pakistan.Meanwhile,we found over 1000 intra-host single-nucleotide variants(iSNVs).Several of them occurred concurrently,indicating possible interactions among them or coevolution.Some of the high-frequency iSNVs in Pakistan were not observed in the global population,suggesting strong purifying selections.The genomic epidemiology revealed five distinctive spreading clusters.The largest cluster consisted of 74 viruses which were derived from different geographic locations of Pakistan and formed a deep hierarchical structure,indicating an extensive and persistent nation-wide transmission of the virus that was probably attributed to a signature mutation(G8371T in ORF1ab)of this cluster.Furthermore,28 putative international introductions were identified,several of which are consistent with the epidemiological investigations.In all,this study has inferred the possible pathways of introductions and transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan,which could aid ongoing and future viral surveillance and COVID-19 control.
文摘Background:Dengue virus is the causative agent of dengue fever,a vector borne infection which causes selflimiting to life threatening disease in humans.A sero-epidemiological study was conducted to understand the current epidemiology of dengue virus in Pakistan which is now known as a dengue endemic country after its first reported outbreak in 1994.Methods:To investigate the prevalence of dengue virus in Pakistan during 2009-2014,a total of 9,493 blood samples were screened for the detection of anti-dengue IgM antibodies using ELISA.Clinical and demographic features available with hospital records were reviewed to ascertain mortalities related to dengue hemorrhagic shock syndrome.Results:Out of 9,493 samples tested,37%(3,504)were found positive for anti-dengue IgM antibodies.Of the seropositive cases,73.6%(2,578/3,504)were male and 26.4%(926/3,504)were female.The highest number(382/929;41.1%)of sero-positive cases was observed among the individuals of age group 31-40 years.The highest number of symptomatic cases was reported in October(46%;4,400/9,493),and the highest number of sero-positive cases among symptomatic cases was observed in November(45.7%;806/1,764).Mean annual patient incidence(MAPI)during 2009-2014 in Pakistan remained 0.30 with the highest annual patient incidence(11.03)found in Islamabad.According to the available medical case record,472 dengue related deaths were reported during 2009-2014.Conclusion:The data from earlier reports in Pakistan described the dengue virus incidence from limited areas of the country.Our findings are important considering the testing of clinical samples at a larger scale covering patients of vast geographical regions and warrants timely implementation of dengue vector surveillance and control programs.Trial registration number:It is an epidemiological research study,so trial registration is not required.
文摘The rapid spread of SARS-Co V-2 has significantly impacted the worldwide health system.The SARS-Co V-2 currently bears a remarkably low genetic diversity even though it carries one of the largest RNA genomes among viruses(Rausch et al.,2020).However,the coronaviruses harbor the capability of undergoing recombination at a high rate which can lead to the emergence of novel viral derivatives(Rausch et al.,2020;Gribble et al.,2021).
