Longhorn beetles are among the most important groups of invasive forest in-sects worldwide.In parallel,they represent one of the most well-studied insect groups interms of chemical ecology.Longhorn beetle aggregation-...Longhorn beetles are among the most important groups of invasive forest in-sects worldwide.In parallel,they represent one of the most well-studied insect groups interms of chemical ecology.Longhorn beetle aggregation-sex pheromones are commonlyused as trap lures for specific and generic surveillance programs at points of entry andmay play a key role in determining the success or failure of exotic species establishment.An exotic species might be more likely to establish in a novel habitat if it relies on apheromone channel that is different to that of native species active at the same time of yearand day,allowing for unhindered mate location(i.e.,pheromone-free space hypothesis).Inthis study,we first tested the attractiveness of single pheromone components(i.e.,racemic3-hydroxyhexan-2-one,racemic 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one,and syn-2,3-hexanediol),and theirbinary and tertiary combinations,to native and exotic longhorn beetle species in Canadaand ltaly.Second,we exploited trap catches to determine their seasonal flight activity.Third,we used pheromone-baited"timer traps"to determine longhorn beetle daily flightactivity.The response to single pheromones and their combinations was mostly speciesspecific but the combination of more than one pheromone component allowed catch ofmultiple species simultancously in ltaly.The response of the exotic species to pheromonecomponents,coupled with results on seasonal and daily flight activity,provided partialsupport for the pheromone-free space hypothesis.This study aids in the understanding oflonghorn beetle chemical ecology and confirms that pheromones can play a key role inlonghorn beetle invasions.展开更多
基金We thank Giovanna Squaquara,Martina Bon,Filippo Rigodanza,Jacopo Richard,Cory Hughes and Kate Van Rooyen for technical assistance in the field and laboratoryChantelle Kostanowicz,Vincent Webster,and Reginald Webster for expertise in beetle species identification+2 种基金Joe Francese and Troy Kimoto for advice“Veneto Agricoltura”for allowing us to carry out the trapping experiment at Bosco Nordiothree anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript.In addition,we thank Natural Resources Canada,Canadian Forest Service,United States Department of Agriculture,Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service(grant 15-8130-0395-CA and 17-8130-0395-CA)and the University of Padova for financial support(DOR).
文摘Longhorn beetles are among the most important groups of invasive forest in-sects worldwide.In parallel,they represent one of the most well-studied insect groups interms of chemical ecology.Longhorn beetle aggregation-sex pheromones are commonlyused as trap lures for specific and generic surveillance programs at points of entry andmay play a key role in determining the success or failure of exotic species establishment.An exotic species might be more likely to establish in a novel habitat if it relies on apheromone channel that is different to that of native species active at the same time of yearand day,allowing for unhindered mate location(i.e.,pheromone-free space hypothesis).Inthis study,we first tested the attractiveness of single pheromone components(i.e.,racemic3-hydroxyhexan-2-one,racemic 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one,and syn-2,3-hexanediol),and theirbinary and tertiary combinations,to native and exotic longhorn beetle species in Canadaand ltaly.Second,we exploited trap catches to determine their seasonal flight activity.Third,we used pheromone-baited"timer traps"to determine longhorn beetle daily flightactivity.The response to single pheromones and their combinations was mostly speciesspecific but the combination of more than one pheromone component allowed catch ofmultiple species simultancously in ltaly.The response of the exotic species to pheromonecomponents,coupled with results on seasonal and daily flight activity,provided partialsupport for the pheromone-free space hypothesis.This study aids in the understanding oflonghorn beetle chemical ecology and confirms that pheromones can play a key role inlonghorn beetle invasions.
