Particle image velocimetry(PIV)is an experimental technique that uses microscale particles as tracers to measure the velocity of a fluid flow.In this paper,we seek to extend this technique to simultaneously measure fl...Particle image velocimetry(PIV)is an experimental technique that uses microscale particles as tracers to measure the velocity of a fluid flow.In this paper,we seek to extend this technique to simultaneously measure fluid temperature as well,by employing a novel class of thermosensitive polymer particles.Towards this aim,we designed a process to encapsulate highly fluorescent thermosensitive NBD-AE-co-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)polymers into optically transparent poly(dimethylsiloxane)particles.These novel PIV particles enable direct measurement of water velocity while serving as temperature probes that increase their fluorescence intensity when the temperature rises above 32°C.To demonstrate the ability of the particles to simultaneously serve as flow tracers and temperature sensors in water,we examine the flow velocity and temperature in the wake of a heated cylinder in a cross flow.Our results indicate the possibility of extending PIV to afford the spatial and temporal resolution of fluid velocity and temperature gradients in water,with potential application to the study of convection problems from life sciences to engineering.展开更多
We detail some of the understudied aspects of the flow inside and around the Hexactinellid Sponge Euplectella aspergillum.By leveraging the flexibility of the Lattice Boltzmann Method,High Performance Computing simula...We detail some of the understudied aspects of the flow inside and around the Hexactinellid Sponge Euplectella aspergillum.By leveraging the flexibility of the Lattice Boltzmann Method,High Performance Computing simulations are performed to dissect the complex conditions corresponding to the actual environment at the bottom of the ocean,at depths between 100 and 1,000 m.These large-scale simulations unveil potential clues on the evolutionary adaptations of these deep-sea sponges in response to the surrounding fluid flow,and they open the path to future investigations at the interface between physics,engineering and biology.展开更多
Understanding how ions and solvent molecules migrate within charged membranes is fundamental for advancing the analysis of biological membranes and the design of energy storage and production devices.Recent efforts hi...Understanding how ions and solvent molecules migrate within charged membranes is fundamental for advancing the analysis of biological membranes and the design of energy storage and production devices.Recent efforts highlighted a significant interplay between mechanics and electrochemistry in charged membranes,calling for the development of high-fidelity models to describe their interaction.Here,we propose a continuum theory of the chemoelectromechanics of charged membranes,accounting for potentially large deformations and non-idealities of the solution permeating the membrane.We demonstrate the potential applications of our theory within the study of ionic polymer actuators.Our theory predicts sizeable effects of non-idealities and mechanical deformations,enabling insight into the role of mechanics on solute and solvent transport within charged membranes.展开更多
基金This research was conducted with the support of the National Science Foundation through Grant No.CBET-1332204The authors also acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research through Grant No.N00014-10-1-0988,which has allowed the acquisition of equipment used in this studyThis work was supported by the Division of Chemical,Bioengineering,Environmental,and Transport Systems[1332204].
文摘Particle image velocimetry(PIV)is an experimental technique that uses microscale particles as tracers to measure the velocity of a fluid flow.In this paper,we seek to extend this technique to simultaneously measure fluid temperature as well,by employing a novel class of thermosensitive polymer particles.Towards this aim,we designed a process to encapsulate highly fluorescent thermosensitive NBD-AE-co-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)polymers into optically transparent poly(dimethylsiloxane)particles.These novel PIV particles enable direct measurement of water velocity while serving as temperature probes that increase their fluorescence intensity when the temperature rises above 32°C.To demonstrate the ability of the particles to simultaneously serve as flow tracers and temperature sensors in water,we examine the flow velocity and temperature in the wake of a heated cylinder in a cross flow.Our results indicate the possibility of extending PIV to afford the spatial and temporal resolution of fluid velocity and temperature gradients in water,with potential application to the study of convection problems from life sciences to engineering.
基金G.F.acknowledges CINECA computational grant ISCRA-B IsB17–SPONGES,no.HP10B9ZOKQ and,partially,the support of PRIN projects CUP E82F16003010006(principal investigator,G.F.for the Tor Vergata Research Unit)and CUP E84I19001020006(principal investigator,G.Bella)support from the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 Programme advanced grant agreement no.739964(‘COPMAT’)M.P.acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation under grant no.CMMI 1901697.
文摘We detail some of the understudied aspects of the flow inside and around the Hexactinellid Sponge Euplectella aspergillum.By leveraging the flexibility of the Lattice Boltzmann Method,High Performance Computing simulations are performed to dissect the complex conditions corresponding to the actual environment at the bottom of the ocean,at depths between 100 and 1,000 m.These large-scale simulations unveil potential clues on the evolutionary adaptations of these deep-sea sponges in response to the surrounding fluid flow,and they open the path to future investigations at the interface between physics,engineering and biology.
基金The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation under grant No.OISE-1545857.
文摘Understanding how ions and solvent molecules migrate within charged membranes is fundamental for advancing the analysis of biological membranes and the design of energy storage and production devices.Recent efforts highlighted a significant interplay between mechanics and electrochemistry in charged membranes,calling for the development of high-fidelity models to describe their interaction.Here,we propose a continuum theory of the chemoelectromechanics of charged membranes,accounting for potentially large deformations and non-idealities of the solution permeating the membrane.We demonstrate the potential applications of our theory within the study of ionic polymer actuators.Our theory predicts sizeable effects of non-idealities and mechanical deformations,enabling insight into the role of mechanics on solute and solvent transport within charged membranes.
