Despite the global implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures,the disease continues to maintain transmission.Although mask wearing became one of the key measures for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 early i...Despite the global implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures,the disease continues to maintain transmission.Although mask wearing became one of the key measures for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 early in the pandemic period,many countries have relaxed the mandatory or recommended wearing of masks.The objective of the present study was to estimate the epidemiological impact of removing the mask-wearing recommendation in Japan.We developed a model to assess the consequences of declining mask-wearing coverage after the government revoked its recommendation in February 2023.The declining mask-wearing coverage was estimated using serial cross-sectional data,and a mathematical model was devised to determine the age-specific incidence of COVID-19 using the observed case count in Tokyo from week of October 3,2022 to October 30,2023.We explored model-based counterfactual scenarios to measure hypothetical situations in which the mask-wearing coverage decreases or increases relative to the observed coverage.The results show that mask-wearing coverage declined from 97%to 69%by the week of October 30,2023,and that if the mask-wearing recommendation had continued,427 lives could have been saved in Tokyo.If the mask-wearing coverage had declined to 25%of the observed level,the model suggests there might have been 1587 additional deaths.Thus,revoking the mask-wearing recommendation had a substantial epidemiological impact.In future pandemics,our proposed approach could provide a realtime quantification of the effects of relaxing countermeasures.展开更多
基金funding from the SECOM Science and Technology Foundationfunding from Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants(grant numbers 20CA 2024,21HB1002,21HA 2016,and 23HA 2005)+2 种基金the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(grant numbers JP23fk0108612 and JP23fk0108685)JSPS KAKENHI(grant numbers21H03198 and 22K19670)the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund(grant number JPMEERF20S11804)of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan,Kao Health Science Research,the Daikin GAP Fund of Kyoto University,the Japan Science and Technology Agency SICORP program(grant numbers JPMJSC20U3 and JPMJSC2105),and the RISTEX program for Science,Technology,and Innovation Policy(grant number JPMJRS22B4).
文摘Despite the global implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures,the disease continues to maintain transmission.Although mask wearing became one of the key measures for preventing the transmission of COVID-19 early in the pandemic period,many countries have relaxed the mandatory or recommended wearing of masks.The objective of the present study was to estimate the epidemiological impact of removing the mask-wearing recommendation in Japan.We developed a model to assess the consequences of declining mask-wearing coverage after the government revoked its recommendation in February 2023.The declining mask-wearing coverage was estimated using serial cross-sectional data,and a mathematical model was devised to determine the age-specific incidence of COVID-19 using the observed case count in Tokyo from week of October 3,2022 to October 30,2023.We explored model-based counterfactual scenarios to measure hypothetical situations in which the mask-wearing coverage decreases or increases relative to the observed coverage.The results show that mask-wearing coverage declined from 97%to 69%by the week of October 30,2023,and that if the mask-wearing recommendation had continued,427 lives could have been saved in Tokyo.If the mask-wearing coverage had declined to 25%of the observed level,the model suggests there might have been 1587 additional deaths.Thus,revoking the mask-wearing recommendation had a substantial epidemiological impact.In future pandemics,our proposed approach could provide a realtime quantification of the effects of relaxing countermeasures.
