Objective: To present the descriptive epidemiology of emergency department-treated eye injury in the United States. Methods: Data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission’sNational Electronic Injury Surveillance S...Objective: To present the descriptive epidemiology of emergency department-treated eye injury in the United States. Methods: Data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission’sNational Electronic Injury Surveillance SystemAll Injury Program was used to estimate the number of patients treated in US emergency departments for eye injuries. Eye injury rates were calculated according to age, sex, and race, and characteristics of the injury event were determined. Results: The rate of emergency department-treated eye injury in the United States is 3.15 per 1000 population (95%confidence interval, 2.66-3.63). Rates were highest among those in their 20s and 30s, among males, and among American Indians and African Americans. The majority of injuries occurred in the home, and contusions and abrasions were the most common types of injury. Conclusion: This study documents the burden of eye injury in the United States and identifies areas where in future research activities should be directed.展开更多
To evaluate associations between baseline structural and functional ocular characteristics and the risk of developing posttraumatic glaucoma after penetrating ocular injury. Prospective cohort study Data from the Unit...To evaluate associations between baseline structural and functional ocular characteristics and the risk of developing posttraumatic glaucoma after penetrating ocular injury. Prospective cohort study Data from the United States Eye Injury Registry (USEIR) were obtained from a total of 3,627 patients who ex-perienced penetrating ocular injury. The risk of posttraumatic glaucoma and associated structural and functional ocular risk factors was estimated. The risk of developing posttraumatic glaucoma was 2.67% . The development of glaucoma was independently associated with several baseline characteristics including advancing age (relative risk 1.02/yr 95% confidence interval [1.00, 1.03]), lens injury (1.56 [1.03, 2.35]), poor baseline visual acuity (2.59 [1.62, 4.14]), and inflammation (3.02 [1.52, 6.02]). This study provides an estimate for the risk of developing glaucoma after penetrating ocular injury in a large cohort of patients and determined several factors that are significantly associated with the development of post-traumatic glaucoma, including advancing age, lens injury, poor visual acuity, and intraocular inflammation.展开更多
PURPOSE: To help the ophthalmologist who wishes to know the perfusion status o f the retina outside the macula, we determined whether clinical examination can predict capillary nonperfusion in diabetic retinopathy (DR...PURPOSE: To help the ophthalmologist who wishes to know the perfusion status o f the retina outside the macula, we determined whether clinical examination can predict capillary nonperfusion in diabetic retinopathy (DR) as accurately as flu orescein angiography (FA). DESIGN: Prospective observational case series. METHOD S: setting: Clinical practice. study population: Both eyes of 20 patients with c linically significant diabetic macular edema (CSME). observation procedure: The location of capillary nonperfusion was recorded following 90-diopter lens slit -lamp biomicroscopy, and the same measurements made on FA. main outcome measure : In the nasal and temporal quadrants of each eye, the clinical results were com pared with the “gold standard”FA. RESULTS: Most patients (84%) had definite p eripheral capillary nonperfusion. Biomicroscopy results were highly correlated w ith angiography, with only a few differences of clinical importance. CONCLUSIONS : Clinical examination can determine the location of capillary nonperfusion in D R with a high degree of accuracy.展开更多
Purpose: To evaluate the association between cholesterollowering medications and age- related macular degeneration (AMD). Design: Case- control study. Participants: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study is a p...Purpose: To evaluate the association between cholesterollowering medications and age- related macular degeneration (AMD). Design: Case- control study. Participants: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study is a prospective, population- based, cohort study conducted in 4 communities across the United States. A total of 15792 individuals aged 45 to 65 years were enrolled between 1987 and 1989; fundus photographs were added to the study protocol at the 6- year follow- up (1993- 1995). Cases were subjects who were identified as having AMD after applying a standard definition to their fundus photographs; controls did not have AMD. Methods: The use of cholesterol- lowering medications at any time during the study was determined and compared between cases and controls, adjusting for the potentially confounding effect of demographic, behavioral, and medical characteristics. Main Outcome Measures: Presence of AMD and the use of cholesterol- loweringmedications. Results: A total of 871 AMD cases and 11 717 controls were identified. Of the AMD cases, 11% made use of cholesterol- lowering medications, as compared with 12.3% of controls (odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71- 1.11). Adjusting for the confounding influence of age, gender, and race revealed a statistically signifi- cant relationship betweenAMDand use of cholesterol- lowering medications (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63- 0.99). Conclusions: The results of this study add to the growing body of evidence that cholesterol- lowering medications may reduce the risk of developing AMD. Additional research is needed to document the mechanism responsible for this association. A clinical trial of the impact of statins on AMD deserves consideration.展开更多
PURPOSE. To evaluate the association between the diagnosis of glaucoma and motor vehicle collision (MVC) involvement and driving avoidance in drivers aged ≥ 50 years. METHODS. Two groups of patients, one with glaucom...PURPOSE. To evaluate the association between the diagnosis of glaucoma and motor vehicle collision (MVC) involvement and driving avoidance in drivers aged ≥ 50 years. METHODS. Two groups of patients, one with glaucoma and one without, were identified in three university- affiliated eye care practices. Demographic, clinical, and driving characteristics were obtained by chart abstractions and a patient survey. Information regarding MVC involvement was obtained from police records. RESULTS. Patients with glaucoma were less likely (relative risk [RRAbstract, 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CIAbstract, 0.47- 0.97) to be involved in collisions than patients without glaucoma. There was no difference between the at- fault crash rates of the patients with glaucoma and those without (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.67- 2.22). Patients with glaucoma had significantly higher levels of avoidance for driving at night (odds ratio [ORAbstract, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.11- 3.82), driving in fog (OR, 3.80; 95% CI, 1.93- 7.48), driving in the rain (OR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.32- 6.76), driving during rush hour (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.16- 4.34), driving on the highway (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.19- 6.64), and high density driving (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.28- 6.46). These associations were adjusted for demographic and medical characteristics as well as visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS. Older persons with glaucoma drive at least as safely as, if not more safely than, older persons without glaucoma.展开更多
文摘Objective: To present the descriptive epidemiology of emergency department-treated eye injury in the United States. Methods: Data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission’sNational Electronic Injury Surveillance SystemAll Injury Program was used to estimate the number of patients treated in US emergency departments for eye injuries. Eye injury rates were calculated according to age, sex, and race, and characteristics of the injury event were determined. Results: The rate of emergency department-treated eye injury in the United States is 3.15 per 1000 population (95%confidence interval, 2.66-3.63). Rates were highest among those in their 20s and 30s, among males, and among American Indians and African Americans. The majority of injuries occurred in the home, and contusions and abrasions were the most common types of injury. Conclusion: This study documents the burden of eye injury in the United States and identifies areas where in future research activities should be directed.
文摘To evaluate associations between baseline structural and functional ocular characteristics and the risk of developing posttraumatic glaucoma after penetrating ocular injury. Prospective cohort study Data from the United States Eye Injury Registry (USEIR) were obtained from a total of 3,627 patients who ex-perienced penetrating ocular injury. The risk of posttraumatic glaucoma and associated structural and functional ocular risk factors was estimated. The risk of developing posttraumatic glaucoma was 2.67% . The development of glaucoma was independently associated with several baseline characteristics including advancing age (relative risk 1.02/yr 95% confidence interval [1.00, 1.03]), lens injury (1.56 [1.03, 2.35]), poor baseline visual acuity (2.59 [1.62, 4.14]), and inflammation (3.02 [1.52, 6.02]). This study provides an estimate for the risk of developing glaucoma after penetrating ocular injury in a large cohort of patients and determined several factors that are significantly associated with the development of post-traumatic glaucoma, including advancing age, lens injury, poor visual acuity, and intraocular inflammation.
文摘PURPOSE: To help the ophthalmologist who wishes to know the perfusion status o f the retina outside the macula, we determined whether clinical examination can predict capillary nonperfusion in diabetic retinopathy (DR) as accurately as flu orescein angiography (FA). DESIGN: Prospective observational case series. METHOD S: setting: Clinical practice. study population: Both eyes of 20 patients with c linically significant diabetic macular edema (CSME). observation procedure: The location of capillary nonperfusion was recorded following 90-diopter lens slit -lamp biomicroscopy, and the same measurements made on FA. main outcome measure : In the nasal and temporal quadrants of each eye, the clinical results were com pared with the “gold standard”FA. RESULTS: Most patients (84%) had definite p eripheral capillary nonperfusion. Biomicroscopy results were highly correlated w ith angiography, with only a few differences of clinical importance. CONCLUSIONS : Clinical examination can determine the location of capillary nonperfusion in D R with a high degree of accuracy.
文摘Purpose: To evaluate the association between cholesterollowering medications and age- related macular degeneration (AMD). Design: Case- control study. Participants: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study is a prospective, population- based, cohort study conducted in 4 communities across the United States. A total of 15792 individuals aged 45 to 65 years were enrolled between 1987 and 1989; fundus photographs were added to the study protocol at the 6- year follow- up (1993- 1995). Cases were subjects who were identified as having AMD after applying a standard definition to their fundus photographs; controls did not have AMD. Methods: The use of cholesterol- lowering medications at any time during the study was determined and compared between cases and controls, adjusting for the potentially confounding effect of demographic, behavioral, and medical characteristics. Main Outcome Measures: Presence of AMD and the use of cholesterol- loweringmedications. Results: A total of 871 AMD cases and 11 717 controls were identified. Of the AMD cases, 11% made use of cholesterol- lowering medications, as compared with 12.3% of controls (odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71- 1.11). Adjusting for the confounding influence of age, gender, and race revealed a statistically signifi- cant relationship betweenAMDand use of cholesterol- lowering medications (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63- 0.99). Conclusions: The results of this study add to the growing body of evidence that cholesterol- lowering medications may reduce the risk of developing AMD. Additional research is needed to document the mechanism responsible for this association. A clinical trial of the impact of statins on AMD deserves consideration.
文摘PURPOSE. To evaluate the association between the diagnosis of glaucoma and motor vehicle collision (MVC) involvement and driving avoidance in drivers aged ≥ 50 years. METHODS. Two groups of patients, one with glaucoma and one without, were identified in three university- affiliated eye care practices. Demographic, clinical, and driving characteristics were obtained by chart abstractions and a patient survey. Information regarding MVC involvement was obtained from police records. RESULTS. Patients with glaucoma were less likely (relative risk [RRAbstract, 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CIAbstract, 0.47- 0.97) to be involved in collisions than patients without glaucoma. There was no difference between the at- fault crash rates of the patients with glaucoma and those without (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.67- 2.22). Patients with glaucoma had significantly higher levels of avoidance for driving at night (odds ratio [ORAbstract, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.11- 3.82), driving in fog (OR, 3.80; 95% CI, 1.93- 7.48), driving in the rain (OR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.32- 6.76), driving during rush hour (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.16- 4.34), driving on the highway (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.19- 6.64), and high density driving (OR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.28- 6.46). These associations were adjusted for demographic and medical characteristics as well as visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS. Older persons with glaucoma drive at least as safely as, if not more safely than, older persons without glaucoma.
