Tuberculosis(TB)remains a leading cause of death among infectious diseases,particularly in poor countries.Viral infections,multidrug-resistant and ex-tensively drug-resistant TB strains,as well as the coexistence of c...Tuberculosis(TB)remains a leading cause of death among infectious diseases,particularly in poor countries.Viral infections,multidrug-resistant and ex-tensively drug-resistant TB strains,as well as the coexistence of chronic illnesses such as diabetes mellitus(DM)greatly aggravate TB morbidity and mortality.DM[particularly type 2 DM(T2DM)]and TB have converged making their control even more challenging.Two contemporary global epidemics,TB-DM behaves like a syndemic,a synergistic confluence of two highly prevalent diseases.T2DM is a risk factor for developing more severe forms of multi-drug resistant-TB and TB recurrence after preventive treatment.Since a bidirectional relationship exists between TB and DM,it is necessary to concurrently treat both,and promote recommendations for the joint management of both diseases.There are also some drug-drug interactions resulting in adverse treatment outcomes in TB-DM patients including treatment failure,and reinfection.In addition,autophagy may play a role in these comorbidities.Therefore,the TB-DM comorbidities present several health challenges,requiring a focus on multidisciplinary collaboration and integrated strategies,to effectively deal with this double burden.To effectively manage the comorbidity,further screening in affected countries,more suitable drugs,and better treatment strategies are required.展开更多
Autophagy is a prosurvival mechanism for the clearance of accumulated abnormal proteins,damaged organelles,and excessive lipids within mammalian cells.A growing body of data indicates that autophagy is reduced in agin...Autophagy is a prosurvival mechanism for the clearance of accumulated abnormal proteins,damaged organelles,and excessive lipids within mammalian cells.A growing body of data indicates that autophagy is reduced in aging cells.This reduction leads to various diseases,such as myocardial hypertrophy,infarction,and atherosclerosis.Recent studies in animal models of an aging heart showed that fasting-induced autophagy improved cardiac function and longevity.This improvement is related to autophagic clearance of damaged cellular components via either bulk or selective autophagy(such as mitophagy).In this editorial,we summarize the mechanisms of autophagy in normal and aging hearts.In addition,the protective effect of fasting-induced autophagy in cardiac aging has been highlighted.展开更多
Coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19),a respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has become a global health emergency and a threat the entire world.The COVID-19 sho...Coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19),a respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has become a global health emergency and a threat the entire world.The COVID-19 shows a wide spectrum of clinical presentations,severity,and fatality rates.Although the fatal outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic are evident in all age groups,the most devastating impact on the health consequences and death from COVID-19 are associated with older adults,especially older men.COVID-19 pandemic is affecting different countries in the world especially in the 65+years age male group.In fact,several genes involved into the regulation of the immune system are strategically placed on the X-chromosome and trigger a gendered mediated antiviral fight.The aim of this study is to explore and exploit whether a relationship exists between male sex and COVID-19 mortality and the relationship is age dependent.Herein we discuss the possible role of physiological and immunological sex differences into the higher morbidity and mortality of SARSCoV-2 between females and males.Deciphering gender differences in COVID-19 offers a window into the principles of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection and this information on ageing dependent gender disparity might contribute to our current understanding of COVID-19 infection and disease treatment.展开更多
Background: Deregulation of the gut microbiota results in various pathological disorders such as diabetes, inflammation, cancer, dyslipidemia etc. Modulation of intestinal microbiota by probiotics may facilitate the m...Background: Deregulation of the gut microbiota results in various pathological disorders such as diabetes, inflammation, cancer, dyslipidemia etc. Modulation of intestinal microbiota by probiotics may facilitate the management of a number of clinical conditions of diabetes. Methods: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of feeding low-fat probiotic yogurt containing L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus on fructose-fed hyperglycemic rats. Yogurt containing L. acidophilus or L. bulgaricus (9.5 × 109 cfu/rat/day) alone or in combination of both strains was supplied orally for 8 weeks concurrently with 20% fructose solution. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profiles from blood and histopathological study of liver tissues were analyzed to evaluate anti-diabetic effect. Statistical analysis was done by Graph Pad Prism software. Values at p 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Administration of L. acidophilus or L. bulgaricus alone or in combination of both to hyperglycemic rats decreased serum FBG, onset of glucose intolerance, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL-cholesterol, increased HDL-cholesterol levels significantly and preserved antioxidant pool such as activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase etc. Probiotic administration also prevented/repaired the oxidative damage of liver tissues. Conclusion: In conclusion, administration of yogurt containing L. acidophilus or L. bulgaricus that balanced the intestinal microbiota can prevent or lower risks of type-2 diabetes and its related complications.展开更多
文摘Tuberculosis(TB)remains a leading cause of death among infectious diseases,particularly in poor countries.Viral infections,multidrug-resistant and ex-tensively drug-resistant TB strains,as well as the coexistence of chronic illnesses such as diabetes mellitus(DM)greatly aggravate TB morbidity and mortality.DM[particularly type 2 DM(T2DM)]and TB have converged making their control even more challenging.Two contemporary global epidemics,TB-DM behaves like a syndemic,a synergistic confluence of two highly prevalent diseases.T2DM is a risk factor for developing more severe forms of multi-drug resistant-TB and TB recurrence after preventive treatment.Since a bidirectional relationship exists between TB and DM,it is necessary to concurrently treat both,and promote recommendations for the joint management of both diseases.There are also some drug-drug interactions resulting in adverse treatment outcomes in TB-DM patients including treatment failure,and reinfection.In addition,autophagy may play a role in these comorbidities.Therefore,the TB-DM comorbidities present several health challenges,requiring a focus on multidisciplinary collaboration and integrated strategies,to effectively deal with this double burden.To effectively manage the comorbidity,further screening in affected countries,more suitable drugs,and better treatment strategies are required.
文摘Autophagy is a prosurvival mechanism for the clearance of accumulated abnormal proteins,damaged organelles,and excessive lipids within mammalian cells.A growing body of data indicates that autophagy is reduced in aging cells.This reduction leads to various diseases,such as myocardial hypertrophy,infarction,and atherosclerosis.Recent studies in animal models of an aging heart showed that fasting-induced autophagy improved cardiac function and longevity.This improvement is related to autophagic clearance of damaged cellular components via either bulk or selective autophagy(such as mitophagy).In this editorial,we summarize the mechanisms of autophagy in normal and aging hearts.In addition,the protective effect of fasting-induced autophagy in cardiac aging has been highlighted.
文摘Coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19),a respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has become a global health emergency and a threat the entire world.The COVID-19 shows a wide spectrum of clinical presentations,severity,and fatality rates.Although the fatal outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic are evident in all age groups,the most devastating impact on the health consequences and death from COVID-19 are associated with older adults,especially older men.COVID-19 pandemic is affecting different countries in the world especially in the 65+years age male group.In fact,several genes involved into the regulation of the immune system are strategically placed on the X-chromosome and trigger a gendered mediated antiviral fight.The aim of this study is to explore and exploit whether a relationship exists between male sex and COVID-19 mortality and the relationship is age dependent.Herein we discuss the possible role of physiological and immunological sex differences into the higher morbidity and mortality of SARSCoV-2 between females and males.Deciphering gender differences in COVID-19 offers a window into the principles of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection and this information on ageing dependent gender disparity might contribute to our current understanding of COVID-19 infection and disease treatment.
文摘Background: Deregulation of the gut microbiota results in various pathological disorders such as diabetes, inflammation, cancer, dyslipidemia etc. Modulation of intestinal microbiota by probiotics may facilitate the management of a number of clinical conditions of diabetes. Methods: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of feeding low-fat probiotic yogurt containing L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus on fructose-fed hyperglycemic rats. Yogurt containing L. acidophilus or L. bulgaricus (9.5 × 109 cfu/rat/day) alone or in combination of both strains was supplied orally for 8 weeks concurrently with 20% fructose solution. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profiles from blood and histopathological study of liver tissues were analyzed to evaluate anti-diabetic effect. Statistical analysis was done by Graph Pad Prism software. Values at p 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Administration of L. acidophilus or L. bulgaricus alone or in combination of both to hyperglycemic rats decreased serum FBG, onset of glucose intolerance, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL-cholesterol, increased HDL-cholesterol levels significantly and preserved antioxidant pool such as activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase etc. Probiotic administration also prevented/repaired the oxidative damage of liver tissues. Conclusion: In conclusion, administration of yogurt containing L. acidophilus or L. bulgaricus that balanced the intestinal microbiota can prevent or lower risks of type-2 diabetes and its related complications.
