Reservoir quality of the Late Cretaceous Volador Formation of the Latrobe group,Gippsland Basin,Australia:Implications from integrated analytical techniques

Increasing demand for energy due to the populous Eastern Australia has driven oil and gas industries to find new sources of hydrocarbons as they are the primary energy suppliers.Intensive study has been done on the Volador Formation in the Gippsland Basin by means of core-based petrophysical,sedimentological,and petrographic analyses as well as well log-based interpretation and capillary pressure test.Five wells from Kipper,Basker and Tuna fields with available dataset were investigated in this study:Kipper-1,Basker-1,Basker-2,Basker-5 and Tuna-4.Overall,the formation has good reservoir quality based on the high porosity and permeability values obtained through core and well log petrophysical analyses.The formation made up of mostly moderate to coarse quartz grains that has experienced strong anti-compaction and is poorly cemented.Montmorillonite and illite clays are seen dispersed in the rock formation,with the minority being mixed clays.These clays and diagenetic features including kaolinite cement and quartz overgrowth that can lead to porosity reduction only have insignificant impact on the overall reservoir quality.In addition,capillary pressure data shows that most samples are found in the transition to good reservoir zones(<50%saturation).The results obtained from this study have shown that the Volador Formation in the Gippsland Basin is worth for hydrocarbon exploration.

3D reservoir characterization of the Mangahewa Formation,Mangahewa Field,Taranaki Basin,New Zealand

The Mangahewa Formation is the primary reservoir target in the Mangahewa Field in the Taranaki Basin,New Zealand.This formation is distinguished by its marginal marine substantial tight-sand reservoir,having thickness exceeding 800 m.The aim of this study is to assess the reservoir properties of the Mangahewa Formation through 3D reservoir modeling,employing 3D seismic data,core data,and well data from the Mangahewa Field.Utilizing variance attributes,the faults and horizons have been identified successfully within the field.The majority of the interpreted faults exhibit dip angles exceeding 60,with a maximum displacement of 118 m.To detect direct hydrocarbon indicators,root-mean-square amplitude seismic attribute,envelope,and generalized spectral decomposition techniques have been employed.Subsequently,four lithofacies,comprising 78.3%sandstone,9.2%siltstone,9.5%claystone,and 3.0%coal have been established by utilizing the Sequential Indicator Simulation(SIS)algorithm to create a lithofacies model.A property model has been generated using the Sequential Gaussian Simulation(SGS)algorithm.Petrophysical evaluation indicates that the Mangahewa Formation exhibits reservoir qualities ranging from fair to good,with porosity levels between 8%and 11%,permeability averaging up to 10 mD,variable shale volumes,and hydrocarbon saturation in the range of 40%e50%.This study's methodologies and findings can serve as a valuable foundation for similar investigations in other tightsand gas fields located in different regions.

Reservoir quality evaluation using sedimentological and petrophysical characterization of deep-water turbidites:A case study of Tariki Sandstone Member,Taranaki Basin,New Zealand

The current study aims to ascertain the reservoir characteristics of the Tariki Sandstone Member of the Otaraoa Formation,Taranaki Basin,New Zealand.This study was carried out by integrating the comprehensive petrophysical evaluation,sedimentological and petrographic studies,as well as well log analysis by using data from six wells.The porosity-permeability relationship is used to divide the samples of the Tariki Sandstone Member into reservoir and non-reservoir facies.A thorough petrophysical analysis shows that the maximum porosity values fluctuate between 16.6%and 22.1%,while permeability ranges from 102 mD to 574 mD,which indicates fair to good reservoir quality.Moreover,the Tariki sandstone represents six hydraulic flow units with a high reservoir quality index and flow zone indicator representing good reservoir characteristics.The pore size varies between nano and megapores with dominant macropores.Based on the sedimentological and petrographic analysis,the Tariki Sandstone Member is classified as a combination of subarkose,arkose,and lithic arkose with fine to medium and moderately to moderately well-sorted grains.The main diagenetic factor affecting the reservoir quality is cementation,which occupied all the pores with calcite.On the bright side,the secondary pores are developed due to the dissolution of calcite cement and few grains.The well log analysis demonstrates the presence of low clay volume ranging from 0.3%to 3.1%,fair to good effective porosity values between 13.6%and 15.9%,net pay thickness from 18.29 m to 91.44 m,and hydrocarbon saturation from 56%to 77.9%.The findings from this study revealed that the Tariki Sandstone Member possesses fair to good reservoir quality and hydrocarbon potential,which indicate submarine fans as appealing hydrocarbon reservoirs.This study can be used in similar depositional environments elsewhere in the world.

Monkeypox virus(MPXV):A Brief account of global spread,epidemiology,virology,clinical features,pathogenesis,and therapeutic interventions

The largest monkeypox virus(MPXV)outbreak of the 21st century occurred in 2022,which caused epidemics in many countries.According to WHO,physical contact with infected persons,contaminated surfaces,or affected animals might be a source of this virus transmission.A febrile sickness including few symptoms found in MPX disease.Skin rash,lesions,fever,headache,fatigue,and muscle aches symptoms were observed commonly for this disease.Animal and in vitro,studies have shown that the antiviral medications cidofovir and brincidofovir are effective against MPXV.The first-generation vaccinia virus vaccine was developed in 1960,and it helped to protect against MPXV with its side effects.A second-generation vaccination with limitations was launched in 2000.However,the CDC advised vaccinations for risk groups in endemic countries,including positive patients and hospital employees.The JYNNEOS vaccine,administered in 2 doses,also provides protection from MPX.This article presents concisely the most recent findings regarding epidemiology,genomic transmission,signs and symptoms,pathogenesis,diagnosis,and therapeutic interventions for MPXV,which may be helpful to researchers and practitioners.WHO declared that MPX was no longer a global health emergency due to its declining case rate,and a number of countries have reported new incidences.Further research-based investigations must be carried out based on the 2022 outbreak.

Integration of ID and 3D modeling schemes to establish the Farewell Formation as a self-sourced reservoir in Kupe Field, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand

Along with conventional methods,this paper proposed a method in which ID and 3D models are integrated to identify the self-sourced reservoir potential of the Farewell Formation in the Kupe Gas Field within the Taranaki Basin,New Zealand.Source rock characteristics were evaluated at both field and basin scales by investigating source rock maturity,type of organic matter,and hydrocarbon generation potential by rock pyrolysis,using Rock-Eval 2 and 6.The ID thermal and burial history model established the rate of sedimentation and thermal history of the Kupe 4 well.Reservoir characterization at field-scale was determined by seismic interpretation,well log analysis,and 3D structural and petrophysical models.The sediments of the Farewell Formation contain types Ⅱ-Ⅲ(oil/gas prone)and type Ⅲ(gas prone)and have fair-to-excellent generation potential.The oxygen and hydrogen indices ranged from 3 to 476 mg C0_(2)/g TOC and 26 to 356 mg HC/g TOC,respectively,whereas the thermal maturity determined by vitrinite reflectance values ranged between 0.3%and 0.72%,indicating that the Farewell Formation is in immature-to-mature hydrocarbon generation stage.Thus,Farewell Formation was verified to be a good source rock.Additionally,structural interpretations demonstrated the structural complexity of an extensional and contractional regime within the reservoir package.Multiple faults indicated a good reservoir property there with a trapping mechanism as well as migration paths.A well-log-based petrophysical analysis established the presence of up to 70%hydrocarbon saturation within the pore spaces of Farewell sandstones.The 3D models confirmed that the Farewell Formation has significant sand zones and hydrocarbon-saturated zones,thereby proving its very good reservoir characteristics.It has been proved that the ID and 3D structural schemes,integrated with geological techniques,was vital in identifying the Kupe Field as a self-sourced reservoir.