Rural Resilience: A Comprehensive Study on Water Supply, Sanitation, Disease Patterns, and Hygiene Practices in Munshiganj, Bangladesh

This research project investigates the current status of water supply, sanitation, and hygiene practices in Munshiganj District, Bangladesh. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire and a reconnaissance survey. Findings reveal that 30% of individuals rely on surface water (hand-tube wells, rivers, and ponds), prioritized as canal > river > pond, while 70% depend on groundwater (subterranean electric motor, deep tube-well). Drinking water is generally sufficient, with 95% reporting adequacy throughout the year. About 45% use hand tube-well water, 28% use deep tube-well water, and 11% use supply tap water for various purposes. Bathing trends include underground water through electric motor > pond > hand tube-well water > river, while for cooking, the order is underground water through electric motor > pond > hand tube-well water > river. Toilet water supply ranks as supply tap water > hand tube-well water > deep tube-well water. Although sanitation awareness is high, some lack knowledge of good hygiene practices. After defecating, handwashing methods include soap, ash, soil, or water. Children’s waste disposal varies, with some discarding it in open areas. Approximately 40% suffer from diseases like Diarrhoea due to unsafe water, primarily affecting children and elders. Training exists, but a significant portion lacks sanitation education. Dry skin or exposure to cold water may cause temporary irritation. Local government involvement in sanitation efforts is less active compared to non-governmental organizations. Results emphasize the need to enhance community awareness of safe water supplies and sanitation practices. .

Quantifying River Bank Erosion and Accretion Patterns along the Gorai River in Kushtia, Bangladesh: A Geospatial Analysis Utilizing GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques

River bank erosion is a natural process that occurs when the water flow of a river exceeds the bank’s ability to withstand it. It is a common phenomenon that causes extensive land damage, displacement of people, loss of crops, and infrastructure damage. The Gorai River, situated on the right bank of the Ganges, is a significant branch of the river that flows into the Bay of Bengal via the Mathumati and Baleswar rivers. The erosion of the banks of the Gorai River in Kushtia district is not a recent occurrence. Local residents have been dealing with this issue for the past hundred years, and according to the elderly members of the community, the erosion has become more severe activities. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to quantify river bank erosion and accretion and bankline shifting from 2003 to 2022 using multi-temporal Landsat images data with GIS and remote sensing technique. Bank-line migration occurs as a result of the interplay and interconnectedness of various factors such as the degree of river-related processes such as erosion, transportation, and deposition, the amount of water in the river during the high season, the geological and soil makeup, and human intervention in the river. The results show that the highest eroded area was 4.6 square kilometers during the period of 2016 to 2019, while the highest accreted area was 7.12 square kilometers during the period of 2013 to 2016. However, the erosion and accretion values fluctuated from year to year.

Assessing the Ecological Consequences: Biodiversity Decline in Gopalganj, Bangladesh, under Climate Change

This research critically examines the alarming case of biodiversity loss in Gopalganj, Bangladesh, focusing on identifying the causes of this decline and assessing its long-term impact on ecosystems and communities. The main reason is anthropogenic activities, including land conversion, and infrastructure using a comprehensive approach. This research employs a combination of primary and secondary data analysis techniques, encompassing surveys, focus group discussions, interviews, and field surveys. Findings: A staggering biological decline in ethnic diversity seems predictions point in the direction of it is an alarming trend that will take place by 2054. At the same time, the study reveals a worrying decline in vegetation and a dramatic expansion of built-up areas. In light of these findings, this paper strongly emphasizes the urgent need for immediate and coordinated conservation efforts. The proposed measures include conservation and restoration of critical areas, strong measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, proactive climate adaptation planning, promotion of sustainable agricultural and forestry practices, and strong public awareness campaigns to emphasize the critical importance of biodiversity conservation. Collectively, these actions are pivotal in safeguarding Gopalganj’s rich biodiversity and ensuring a sustainable future for the region and the planet at large.

Prevalence of Depression in Pre-Dialytic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Attending at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Depression is a common and serious medical illness around the world. It occurs more frequently in patients with chronic illness than in the general population. It is a common psychiatric problem in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: To assess the level of depression in pre-dialytic CKD patients attending at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Nephrology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2020 to June 2020. A total of 100 pre-dialytic CKD patients were selected by convenience sampling technique and their level of depression was assessed by Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS). Data were collected by existing questionnaire with face to face interview and analyzed by statistical test. Results: The mean age of the participants was 49.70 ± 11.80 years. Among them 64% were male, 95% were muslim, 98% were married, 65% were completed secondary/above higher secondary level education, 65% were unemployed and 55% were lived in urban area. It was observed that 65% participants were economically dependent to their family, only 6% were engaged in regular exercise, 14% had family history of depression, 8% were smoker and 12% were alcohol/drug abuser. According to the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) we found 29% participants were mildly depressed, 39% participants were moderately depressed and 18% participants were severely depressed. Prevalence of depression was 86% in pre-dialytic CKD patients. Of them, 7% was in CKD stage-I, 17.4% was in CKD stage-II, 19.8% was in CKD stage-III, 22.1% was in CKD stage-IV and 33.7% was in CKD stage-V. Conclusion: Depression is highly prevalent in pre-dialytic CKD patients and more frequent in the advanced stages of CKD.

MHD Effects on Mixed Convective Nanofluid Flow with Viscous Dissipation in Surrounding Porous Medium

In existence of concerning magnetic field, heat together with mass transfer features on mixed convective copper-water nanofluid flow through inclined plate is investigated in surrounding porous medium together with viscous dissipation. A proper set of useful similarity transforms is considered as to transform the desired governing equations into a system as ordinary differential equations which are nonlinear. The transformed equations for nanofluid flow include interrelated boundary conditions which are resolved numerically applying Runge-Kutta integration process of sixth-order together with Nachtsheim and Swigert technique. The numerical consequences are compared together with literature which was published previously and acceptable comparisons are found. The influence of significant parameters like as magnetic parameter, angle for inclination, Eckert number, fluid suction parameter, nanoparticles volume fraction, Schmidt number and permeability parameter on concerning velocity, temperature along with concentration boundary layers remains examined and calculated. Numerical consequences are presented graphically. Moreover, the impact regarding these physical parameters for engineering significance in expressions of local skin friction coefficient in addition to local Nusselt together with Sherwood numbers is correspondingly examined.