Potential bioactive phytochemicals, antioxidant properties and anticancer pathways of Nymphaea nouchali

Objective:To investigate bioactive phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of Nymphaea nouchali and to explore its anticancer pathways by a network pharmacology approach.Methods:Using a spectrophotometer and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector(HPLC-DAD),we quantified bioactive phytochemicals in methanolic extract of Nymphaea nouchali tuber.The extracts were investigated for in vitro antioxidant properties.Targets of these bioactive phytochemicals were predicted and anticancer-associated pathways were analyzed by a network pharmacology approach.Moreover,we identified the predicted genes associated with cancer pathways and the hub genes in the protein-protein interaction network of predicted genes.Results:Quantitative results indicated the total phenolics,total flavonoids,and total proanthocyanidins in the methanolic extract of Nymphaea nouchali tuber.HPLC-DAD analysis showed rutin(39.44 mg),catechin(39.20 mg),myricetin(30.77 mg),ellagic acid(11.05 mg),gallic acid(3.67 mg),vanillic acid(0.75 mg),rosmarinic acid(4.81 mg),p-coumaric acid(3.35 mg),and quercetin(0.90 mg)in 1 g of dry extract.The extract showed the radical scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl,2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)and N,N-dimethyl-pphenylenediamine.By using network pharmacology,we predicted 130 target genes associated with cancer pathways.The top hub genes(IL6,AKT1,EGFR,JUN,PTGS2,MAPK3,CASP3,and CXCL8)were also identified,which were associated with cancer pathways and interacted with bioactive phytochemicals of the methanolic extract of Nymphaea nouchali tuber.Conclusions:Our study provides insights into the mechanism of anticancer activities of the methanolic extract of Nymphaea nouchali tuber.

Sustainable ifngerling production technique of endangeredLabeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) based on different protein levels in ponds

Objective:To conduct on sustainable fingerling production technique of endangered Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) (L. calbasu) based on different protein levels in ponds. Methods: The experiment was carried out under rearing pond in fish hatchery complex with three treatments group each having three replicates under department of fisheries, University of Rajshahi.L. calbasu were stocked at 41990/ha in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The initial length ofL. calbasu in three treatments were (4.60 ± 0.10) cm and initial weights were (3.48 ± 0.01) g. Fishes were fed with 28%, 30%, 32% protein supplement for T1, T2, T3, respectively. The fishes were initially fed at 10% of body weight on 1st and 2nd fortnight. Then it was decreased at 8% of body weight on 3rd and 4th fortnight. Finally in 5th fortnight they were fed 5% of body weight. The physico-chemical characteristics of pond water were measured fortnightly. Results: The mean final weight gain was found highest in T3 (40.87 ± 0.01) g which was significant compared to T1 and T2. SGR (% bwd–1) was found 2.83 ± 0.02 (T1), 3.04 ± 0.01 (T2) and 3.39 ± 0.01 (T3). The highest survival rate ofL. calbasu was found in T3 (90.00 ± 1.00) and the lowest was found in T1 (87.00 ± 1.00). The best FCR (1.54 ± 0.01) was observed in T3 fed with 32% protein supplement. The highest production was observed in T3 (1672.20 ± 16.96 kg/ha/75 days) and lowest was observed in T1(1055.50 ± 29.04 kg/ha/75 days). The highest net benefit was calculated in T3 (260663.00 ± 4326.88 tk.) and lowest was found in T1 (112831.00 ± 7383.66 tk.). The CBR was found 0.60 ± 0.04, 0.80 ± 0.02 and 1.16 ± 0.02 in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. There were significant differences in CBR values among the three treatments. Conclutions:In this study, growth parametersi.e., weight gain, SGR (% bwd–1), length gain, total yield were significantly (P < 0.05) improved in T3 treatment fed with 32% protein supplemented diets.