Effects of Financial Market Variables on Stock Prices:A Review of the Literature

Stock market plays a pivotal role in firms’expansion and turns economic growth.In the literature,because of the importance of stock markets to the real economy,the smooth and risk-free operation of the stock market has attracted significant attention.The finance literature contains a large number of studies that examine the stock price behaviour with some emphasis on the determinants of the relationship between the equity prices and the financial market activities.The present study reviews the previous works of the effect of financial market variables and stock price.Five selected financial market variables,market capitalization,earnings per share,price earnings multiples,dividend yield,and trading volume are reviewed in this study.In the past literature,there are the opinions of the positive significant relationship between market capitalization and stock price.To find the relationship between dividend yield and stock price,there are two broad schools of thoughts.Both of the relevance and irrelevance theory of Gordon and Modigliani have the strong evidence in the current literature that keeps on the dilemma and provides the scopes for future research.Price-earnings multiples are analyzed in the past literature by using different variables.Based on that,it is evidenced that price-earnings multiples have a negative significant effect on stock price.The reviewed studies state the cointegrating relationship between the stock price and the trading volume as the trading volume is a source of risk.

A review of SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccines:Viral properties,mutations,vaccine efficacy,and safety

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2 instigated by coronavirus disease of 2019(COVID-19)has delivered an unfathomable obstruction that has touched all sectors worldwide.Despite new vaccine tech-nologies and mass administration of booster doses,the virus persists,and unknown the ending of the pandemic for new variants and sub-variants.Moreover,whether leaning on home medications or using plant extracts is suf-ficient often to combat the virus has generated tremendous interest in the scientific fraternity.Different databases including PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar used to find published articles linked with related topics.Currently,COVID-19 third and fourth shots of vaccines are progressively administered worldwide,where some countries trail others by a significant margin.Many proteins related to viral activity have changed,possibly boosting the virus infectivity and making antibodies ineffective.This study will reminisce the viral genome,as-sociated pathways for viral protein functions,variants,and their mutations.The current,comprehensive review will also provide information on vaccine technologies developed by several biotech companies and the efficacy of their doses,costs including boosters on a mass level.As no vaccine is working to protect fully against all the variants,the new proactive vaccine research needs to be conducted based on all variants,their sub-lineage,and mutations.

Coastal set bagnet fishery in the Payra river,Bangladesh and its impact on fisheries and biodiversity

Objective:To assess the catch composition and seasonal variation in catch of set bagnet fishery from the coastal Payra river,to understand the importance and impact of set bagnet fishery on biodiversity and fisheries,and to find out feasible strategies to reduce the negative impact of set bagnet fishery.Methods:The research was conducted with selection of research area,preparation of gear survey and catch assessment form,sample collection,laboratory analysis and selection of analytical methods to achieve the objectives of the study.Results:A total of 52 species belonging to 23 families were recorded from set bagnet in the Payra river.Most important commercial fishes and their annual catch by set bagnet in the study area were 51.03 MT Ilish(Tenualosa ilisha),8.83 MT Rita(Rita rita),6.92 MT Air(Sperata aor),4.72 MT Chital(Chitala chitala),2.03 MT Boal(Wallago attu),1.84 MT Baghair(Bagarius bagarius),3.35 MT Foli(Notopterus notopterus)and 13.46 MT Golda chingri(Macrobrachium rosenbergii).All these species were mostly caught at initial stages of their life cycle,which usually move with the tidal current.Conclusions:Study suggested that set bagnet should be restricted to allowable limit with strong monitoring system for the protection and conservation of valuable fish species in the coastal areas of Bangladesh.