Exploring the practice of common oral diseases among the patients visiting in the selected dental college and hospital in Bangladesh

Background:Having the ability to identify potential health risk factors such as lifestyle,ethnicity,health status,and social determinants associated with oral health status risk,health care providers can take an active role in health screening to discover any need for clinical preventive services,including dental preventive services,and can detect health problems.Methods:A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the practice of common oral diseases among the patients visiting in the selected dental college and hospital in Bangladesh from October 2019 to December 2019.About 100 patients were interviewed through a semi-structured questionnaire,followed by an oral examination through a checklist and a face-to-face interview.A systematically random sampling technique was employed to select the study population.Results:Among them,the(21-30)year age group shows a maximum 20%,whereas the(71-80)year age group represents the minority with only 2%.Among them,56%were male and 44%were female.Students represent the majority of 26%,whereas others(day laborers)represent only 4%.Decayed teeth remained in 72%of cases,teeth were missing in 31%of cases,and filled teeth were present in 24%of cases.A majority of 71%clean teeth once daily,whereas only 29%clean teeth twice daily.Again,only 30%brush teeth at night and a maximum of 95%brush teeth in the morning.Moreover,a maximum of 68%use toothpaste and brushes,while only 4%use meswak for cleaning their teeth.About 4%of cases with no debris,51%of cases with less than 1/3rd of the tooth with debris,32%of cases with 1/3rd-2/3rd of the tooth with debris,and 13%of cases with more than 2/3rd of the tooth with debris were present.Again,about 30%had no calculus,52%less than 1/3rd of tooth,16%in between 1/3rd and 2/3rd of tooth,and 2%more than 2/3rd of the calculus was present.About 47%of mild,22%of moderate,6%of severe and 25%had no inflammation.Furthermore,for treatment purposes,20.69%was advised for scaling,19.66%for filling,16.90%for root canal treatment,17.59%for extraction,17.24%for prosthodontic treatment,1.03%for orthodontic treatment,2.07%for pulpotomy,2.41%for pulpectomy,and 2.41%for minor surgery.Overall,about 72%of the respondents,mostly the students,are suffering from decayed teeth,which may be due to a lack of frequency of brushing,indicating 95%that it is once daily.In addition,the most alarming situation among them is about 20.69%required scaling,which may be due to improper and inadequate brushing maintenance.Conclusion:to some extent,the above scenario may reflect the negative hallmark for our country’s younger generation in terms of oral health practice.Therefore,the establishment of a preventive oral health policy by our policymakers for the general population,mostly school-going students,on an emergency basis.

Reproductive development of two groundnut cultivars as influenced by boron and light

Boron is an important micronutrient that enhances reproductive growth of crops such as groundnut.Light also plays an important role for pegging of groundnut.There has been little information on the application of boron and light in groundnut in Bangladesh.A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of boron and light on the reproductive development of two groundnut cultivars.Treatments considered as two groundnut cultivars,viz.,‘Dhaka-1(C1)’and‘BARI Chinabadam-8(C2)’,three levels of boron(B),viz.,0-kg B ha^-1(B0),1-kg B ha^-1(B1)and 2-kg B ha^-1(B2),and two levels of light,viz.,normal day light(≈12-h light)and normal day light+6-h extended red light at night(≈18-h light).Result revealed that the reproductive development,yield and shelling percentage of groundnut were markedly increased with the application of B.Due to imposition of light all of reproductive units increased but decrease number of pods and pod yield.The highest reproductive unit and yield were observed from‘BARI Chinabadam-8’.Therefore,reproductive development could be improved by application of boron in improved cultivars(BARI Chinabadam-8)but not for under extended light.