The objective of this work is to generate a general formalism of f(R,L(X))-gravity in the context of dark energy under the framework of K-essence emergent geometry with the Dirac-Born-Infeld(DBI) variety of action,whe...The objective of this work is to generate a general formalism of f(R,L(X))-gravity in the context of dark energy under the framework of K-essence emergent geometry with the Dirac-Born-Infeld(DBI) variety of action,where R is the familiar Ricci scalar,L(X) is the DBI type non-canonical Lagrangian with X=1/2g^(μν)▽_(μ)φ▽_(ν)φ,and φ is the K-essence scalar field.The emergent gravity metric(G_(μν)) and the well known gravitational metric(g^(μν))are not conformally equivalent.We have constructed a modified field equation using the metric formalism in f(R,L(X))-gravity incorporating the corresponding Friedmann equations into the framework of the background gravitational metric,which is of Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker(FLRW) type.The solution of the modified Friedmann equations have been deduced for the specific choice of f(R,L(X)),which is of Starobinsky-type,using the power law expansion method.The consistency of the model with the accelerating phase of the universe has been shown when we restrict ourselves to consider the value of the dark energy density as φ^(2)=8/9=0.888 <1,which indicates that the present universe is dark-energy dominated.Graphical plots for the energy density(ρ),pressure(p),and equation of state parameter(ω) with respect to(w.r.t.) time(t) based on parametric values are interestingly consistent with the dark energy domination theory,and hence the accelerating features.We also highlight the corresponding energy conditions and constraints of the f(R,L(X)) theory with a basic example.展开更多
In this paper,a Kretschmann configuration based surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensor is numerically designed using graphene-MoS_(2) hybrid structure TiO_(2)-SiO_(2) nano particles for formalin detection.In this design...In this paper,a Kretschmann configuration based surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensor is numerically designed using graphene-MoS_(2) hybrid structure TiO_(2)-SiO_(2) nano particles for formalin detection.In this design,the observations of SPR angle versus minimum reflectance and SPR frequency(FSPR)versus maximum transmittance(Tmax)are considered.The chitosan is used as probe legend to perform reaction with the formalin(40%formaldehyde)which acts as target legend.In this paper,both graphene and MoS_(2) are used as biomolecular acknowledgment element(BAE)and TiO_(2) as well as SiO_(2) bilayers is used to improve the sensitivity of the sensor.The numerical results show that the variation of FSPR and SPR angles for inappropriate sensing of formalin is quite insignificant which confirms the absence of formalin.On the other hand,these variations for appropriate sensing are considerably significant that confirm the presence of formalin.At the end of this article,the variation of sensitivity of the proposed biosensor is measured in corresponding to the increment of a refractive index with a refractive index step 0.01 refractive index unit(RIU).In inclusion of TiO_(2)-SiO_(2) bilayers with graphene-MoS_(2),a maximum sensitivity of 85.375%is numerically calculated.展开更多
In this study,we investigate the collapsing scenario for the k-essence emergent Vaidya spacetime in the context of massive gravity's rainbow.For this study,we consider that the background metric is Vaidya spacetim...In this study,we investigate the collapsing scenario for the k-essence emergent Vaidya spacetime in the context of massive gravity's rainbow.For this study,we consider that the background metric is Vaidya spacetime in massive gravity's rainbow.We show that the k-essence emergent gravity metric closely resembles the new type of generalized Vaidya massive gravity metric with the rainbow deformations for null fluid collapse,where we consider the k-essence scalar field as a function solely of the advanced or the retarded time.The k-essence emergent Vaidya massive gravity rainbow mass function is also different.This new type k-essence emergent Vaidya massive gravity rainbow metric satisfies the required energy conditions.The existence of a locally naked central singularity and the strength and strongness of the singularities for the rainbow deformations of the k-essence emergent Vaidya massive gravity metric are the interesting outcomes of the present work.展开更多
基金the DSTB,Government of West Bengal,India for financial support through the Grants No.:322(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/16G-3/2018 dated06.03.2019。
文摘The objective of this work is to generate a general formalism of f(R,L(X))-gravity in the context of dark energy under the framework of K-essence emergent geometry with the Dirac-Born-Infeld(DBI) variety of action,where R is the familiar Ricci scalar,L(X) is the DBI type non-canonical Lagrangian with X=1/2g^(μν)▽_(μ)φ▽_(ν)φ,and φ is the K-essence scalar field.The emergent gravity metric(G_(μν)) and the well known gravitational metric(g^(μν))are not conformally equivalent.We have constructed a modified field equation using the metric formalism in f(R,L(X))-gravity incorporating the corresponding Friedmann equations into the framework of the background gravitational metric,which is of Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker(FLRW) type.The solution of the modified Friedmann equations have been deduced for the specific choice of f(R,L(X)),which is of Starobinsky-type,using the power law expansion method.The consistency of the model with the accelerating phase of the universe has been shown when we restrict ourselves to consider the value of the dark energy density as φ^(2)=8/9=0.888 <1,which indicates that the present universe is dark-energy dominated.Graphical plots for the energy density(ρ),pressure(p),and equation of state parameter(ω) with respect to(w.r.t.) time(t) based on parametric values are interestingly consistent with the dark energy domination theory,and hence the accelerating features.We also highlight the corresponding energy conditions and constraints of the f(R,L(X)) theory with a basic example.
文摘In this paper,a Kretschmann configuration based surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensor is numerically designed using graphene-MoS_(2) hybrid structure TiO_(2)-SiO_(2) nano particles for formalin detection.In this design,the observations of SPR angle versus minimum reflectance and SPR frequency(FSPR)versus maximum transmittance(Tmax)are considered.The chitosan is used as probe legend to perform reaction with the formalin(40%formaldehyde)which acts as target legend.In this paper,both graphene and MoS_(2) are used as biomolecular acknowledgment element(BAE)and TiO_(2) as well as SiO_(2) bilayers is used to improve the sensitivity of the sensor.The numerical results show that the variation of FSPR and SPR angles for inappropriate sensing of formalin is quite insignificant which confirms the absence of formalin.On the other hand,these variations for appropriate sensing are considerably significant that confirm the presence of formalin.At the end of this article,the variation of sensitivity of the proposed biosensor is measured in corresponding to the increment of a refractive index with a refractive index step 0.01 refractive index unit(RIU).In inclusion of TiO_(2)-SiO_(2) bilayers with graphene-MoS_(2),a maximum sensitivity of 85.375%is numerically calculated.
文摘In this study,we investigate the collapsing scenario for the k-essence emergent Vaidya spacetime in the context of massive gravity's rainbow.For this study,we consider that the background metric is Vaidya spacetime in massive gravity's rainbow.We show that the k-essence emergent gravity metric closely resembles the new type of generalized Vaidya massive gravity metric with the rainbow deformations for null fluid collapse,where we consider the k-essence scalar field as a function solely of the advanced or the retarded time.The k-essence emergent Vaidya massive gravity rainbow mass function is also different.This new type k-essence emergent Vaidya massive gravity rainbow metric satisfies the required energy conditions.The existence of a locally naked central singularity and the strength and strongness of the singularities for the rainbow deformations of the k-essence emergent Vaidya massive gravity metric are the interesting outcomes of the present work.