Hemolymph cells apoptosis in imported shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei from Hawaii to Iran,exposed to white spot virus

Objective:To show hemolymph apoptosis in imported shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei from Hawaii to Iran.Methods:One hundred and eighty shrimps[(7.98±0.54)g] which were collcted from a research shrimp farm located in Heleh site in north of Bushehr Province were distributed equally to 6 glass aquariums(50 cm×50 cm×60 cm)as group A in triplicate(imported batch in 2011,without crossing with other generations)with well clean aerated sea water(100 L per aquarium),salinity of 40‰and temperature of 29℃.Shrimps of group B(produced by crossing the adults of imported batches in 2009 up to 2011)were distributed also among 6 aquariums with the same conditions.Both shrimp groups were injected with concentration of LD_(50)=1×10^(5.4)white spot virus.Results:The results showed that in group A,the mortality began approximately 24 h after exposure and reached 100%after 36 h but no mortality was occurred up to 15 d in shrimps of group B.The slide evaluation of hemolymph of group B showed an increasing trend of apoptosis occurrence in all three types of hemolymph cells,hyalinocytes,semi-granulocytes and granulocytes from 24 h to 72 h in contrary to group A that not any apoptosis was observed during the course of the study(15 d).Conclusions:It is concluded that crossing among the speific pathogen free generations could induce the increasing immunity level through apoptosis to protect them against white spot disease.

Effects of different concentrations of pollen extract on brain tissues of Oncorhynchus mykiss

Objective:To determine the antioxidant capacities of pollen extract applied at different concentrations on biochemical parameters in brain tissues of rainbow trouts.Methods:parameters in brain tissues of fish treated at various concentrations of the pollen extract(0.5,2.5,5,10,20 and 30 mg/L)for 96 h.The malondialdehyde levels,total antioxidant status,total oxidant status,oxidative stress index and amounts of total free sulfhydryl groups were analyzed in fish brain.Results:The effective concentration of pollen was determined with some biochemical treated compared to control group(P<0.05).The highest level of total antioxidant status(P<0.05)and the lowest value(P<0.05)of the total oxidant status was 10 mg/L concentration of pollen.Oxidative stress index and level of sulfhydryl groups showed lowest values(P<0.05)in 10 mg/L pollen treated group compared with control group.Conclusions:To apply the pollen to fish reduces the detrimental effects and modulates oxidative status via activating antioxidant defense systems at brain tissue.As a result,pollen can be added up to 10 mg/L to the medium of rainbow trout to improve health of fish.