Clinical implications of single cell sequencing for bladder cancer

Bladder cancer(BC)is the 10th most common cancer worldwide,with about 0.5 million reported new cases and about 0.2 million deaths per year.In this scoping review,we summarize the current evidence regarding the clinical implications of single-cell sequencing for bladder cancer based on PRISMA guidelines.We searched PubMed,CENTRAL,Embase,and supplemented with manual searches through the Scopus,and Web of Science for published studies until February 2023.We included original studies that used at least one single-cell technology to study bladder cancer.Forty-one publications were included in the review.Twenty-nine studies showed that this technology can identify cell subtypes in the tumor microenvironment that may predict prognosis or response to immune checkpoint inhibition therapy.Two studies were able to diagnose BC by identifying neoplastic cells through single-cell sequencing urine samples.The remaining studies were mainly a preclinical exploration of tumor microenvironment at single cell level.Single-cell sequencing technology can discriminate heterogeneity in bladder tumor cells and determine the key molecular properties that can lead to the discovery of novel perspectives on cancer management.This nascent tool can advance the early diagnosis,prognosis judgment,and targeted therapy of bladder cancer.

The Effect of Aging on Pelvic Floor Pressure Measurements in Nulliparous Women

Aims: To investigate the correlation between age and 3-dimensional pelvic floor manometry parameters, sexual function, and urinary status in old post-menopausal versus young nulliparous women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Two groups of young (18 - 40 years) and old (52 - 85 years) nulliparous volunteers completed Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20), Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ-7), and Female Sexual Function Inventory (FSFI-19) and underwent a 3-dimensional pelvic floor manometry. Results: The study included 9 young participants with a mean age of 28.6, and 10 old participants with a mean age of 61.8. All the older participants were postmenopausal and all the young participants were premenopausal. Mean PFDI-20 score was significantly higher in the older group: 52 ± 12 versus 4 ± 4, p= 0.001. Urinary Distress Inventory score (UDI-6, part of PFDI questionnaire) was higher amongst the older group: 28 ± 26 versus 3 ± 8, p= 0.006. All young participants scored zero in their PFIQ-7 while the older participants averaged 31 out of maximal score of 300. While sexual activity was higher in the younger group (89% versus 60%), sexual function assessed through the FSFI-19, was not significantly different between the two groups. Valsalva pressures obtained from manometry measurements were significantly higher in the older group (mean 230 mm Hg versus 161, p= 0.015). Conclusions: Post-menopausal women have higher pelvic floor and urinary symptoms associated with increased Valsalva pressures as measured by vaginal manometry.