副鸡禽杆菌lpxM蛋白的原核表达及免疫原性研究

[目的]探究副鸡禽杆菌(Avibacterium paragallinarum)外膜蛋白lpxM的免疫原性,为预防鸡传染性鼻炎提供理论参考。[方法]构建pET-28a-lpxM原核表达载体,经PCR扩增和双酶切鉴定后将阳性质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,用IPTG进行诱导表达,并对诱导时间和诱导浓度进行优化,用尿素缓冲液纯化重组蛋白lpxM并进行SDS-PAGE分析。利用Western blotting鉴定重组蛋白的特异性。将重组蛋白与MONTANIDEISA 71 VG佐剂制备成疫苗v-lpxM,通过动物试验观察重组蛋白的免疫效果。[结果]重组质粒pET-28a-lpxM转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导后成功表达,在37 ku处有目的蛋白特异性条带,在37℃、700 mmol/L IPTG、诱导4 h时蛋白表达量最高;重组蛋白lpxM在上清和沉淀中均有表达,且在沉淀中表达量相对较高;Western blotting结果显示,C型副鸡禽杆菌Modesto株的阳性鸡血清与纯化后的重组蛋白可发生免疫反应。免疫保护试验结果显示,v-lpxM疫苗对A、B和C型副鸡禽杆菌的保护率分别为0、20%和60%。[结论]本研究成功构建了原核表达载体pET-28a-lpxM,实现了lpxM重组蛋白的高效表达,且表现出良好的免疫原性。研究结果为探究副鸡禽杆菌外膜蛋白lpxM的免疫学特性以及为鸡传染性鼻炎的预防和疫苗的研发奠定了基础。

基于外膜蛋白的鼻气管鸟杆菌抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

【目的】建立鼻气管鸟杆菌(Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale,ORT)血清抗体的ELISA检测方法。【方法】利用原核表达方法克隆表达鼻气管鸟杆菌外膜蛋白OR02,经Western blotting鉴定其免疫原性。以纯化产物作为抗原包被于固相载体,采用棋盘滴定法确定抗原包被浓度和血清稀释度。同时,优化ELISA反应条件,利用鼻气管鸟杆菌阴性血清确定该检测方法的阴阳临界值判定标准。通过检测其他病原阳性血清评估该方法的特异性,检测不同比例稀释的鼻气管鸟杆菌阳性血清以评估其灵敏性,并与商品化试剂盒进行比较,评估该ELISA方法的符合率。【结果】重组蛋白OR02以包涵体形式表达,分子质量约为58 ku,与预期相符。Western blotting显示,OR02重组蛋白能与鼻气管鸟杆菌阳性血清发生特异性结合,具有良好的免疫反应性。以纯化的OR02蛋白作为包被抗原,确定最佳抗原包被浓度为2 ng/μL,血清样本的稀释度为1∶50,孵育时间为30 min,酶标二抗的稀释度为1∶5000,孵育时间为30 min,最佳底物显色条件为在避光条件下孵育15 min。阴阳临界值的判定标准为:当待检血清D_(450 nm)值≥0.266时判定为阳性,当待检血清D_(450 nm)值<0.266时判定为阴性。用该方法检测副鸡禽杆菌(Apg)、新城疫病毒(NDV)、鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)等单因子阳性鸡血清均无交叉反应。将抗体滴度为1∶64的鼻气管鸟杆菌阳性鸡血清以1∶800稀释仍能检测到阳性结果。与商业试剂盒对相同临床样本的检测结果的符合率为91.25%。【结论】本研究利用重组OR02蛋白建立了一种检测鼻气管鸟杆菌血清抗体的间接ELISA方法,该方法具有良好的特异性和灵敏性,且与商业试剂盒的符合率较高,可作为鸡血清鼻气管鸟杆菌抗体的检测工具。

Application value research of swallowing treatment device combined with swallowing rehabilitation training in the treatment of swallowing disorders after stroke

BACKGROUND Stroke is a common disabling disease,whether it is ischemic stroke or hemorrhagic stroke,both can result in neuronal damage,leading to various manifestations of neurological dysfunction.AIM To explore of the application value of swallowing treatment device combined with swallowing rehabilitation training in the treatment of swallowing disorders after stroke.METHODS This study selected 86 patients with swallowing disorders after stroke admitted to our rehabilitation department from February 2022 to December 2023 as research subjects.They were divided into a control group(n=43)and an observation group(n=43)according to the treatment.The control group received swallowing rehabilitation training,while the observation group received swallowing treatment device in addition to the training.Both groups underwent continuous intervention for two courses of treatment.RESULTS The total effective rate in the observation group(93.02%)was higher than that in the control group(76.74%)(P=0.035).After intervention,the oral transit time,swallowing response time,pharyngeal transit time,and laryngeal closure time decreased in both groups compared to before intervention.In the observation group,the oral transit time,swallowing response time,and pharyngeal transit time were shorter than those in the control group after intervention.However,the laryngeal closure time after intervention in the observation group was compared with that in the control group(P=0.142).After intervention,average amplitude value and duration of the genioglossus muscle group during empty swallowing and swallowing 5 mL of water are reduced compared to before intervention in both groups.After intervention,the scores of the chin-tuck swallowing exercise and the Standardized Swallowing Assessment are both reduced compared to pre-intervention levels in both groups.However,the observation group scores lower than the control group after intervention.Additionally,the Functional Oral Intake Scale scores of both groups are increased after intervention compared to pre-intervention levels,with the observation group scoring higher than the control group after intervention(P<0.001).The cumulative incidence of complications in the observation group is 9.30%,which is lower than the 27.91%in the control group(P=0.027).CONCLUSION The combination of swallowing therapy equipment with swallowing rehabilitation training can improve the muscle movement level of the genioglossus muscle group,enhance swallowing function,and prevent the occurrence of swallowing-related complications after stroke.

法经济学视角下碳排放权的法律属性探析

随着“3060双碳”目标的提出,中国在碳排放交易制度上的步伐正逐步加快,但与之匹配的法律体系建设却进度迟缓。学界目前主要争议点在于碳排放权法律性质在公私属性上的界定问题,基于市场自由交易思想的物权说和基于政府分配行为的行政规制说相持不下。作为法学与经济学交叉学科,法经济学提供的全新研究视角与方法可对我国构建碳排放交易法律体系的学理研究有所助益,科斯定理及其蕴含的法经济学思想在碳排放权及其交易制度研究领域具有较强的理论适用性。在法经济学视角下,对私有产权的清晰界定是进行市场交易的前提,碳排放权的财产权属性是碳排放权交易机制得以良好运作的内在需求,而碳排放权作为一种脱胎于公权的特殊私权利,其法律属性应为具有公私二重性的准用益物权。承认碳排放权的准用益物权属性,可促进政府及市场各主体在交易过程中各自发挥的功能,减少各方博弈可能造成的资源浪费,进一步降低执法成本,以确保社会资源的最优配置,最终达到高效治理环境污染的目的。

Sedimentary architecture of submarine channel-lobe systems under different seafloor topography:Insights from the Rovuma Basin offshore East Africa

Seafloor topography plays an important role in the evolution of submarine lobes.However,it is still not so clear how the shape of slope affects the three-dimensional(3-D)architecture of submarine lobes.In this study,we analyze the effect of topography factors on different hierarchical lobe architectures that formed during Pliocene to Quaternary in the Rovuma Basin offshore East Africa.We characterize the shape,size and growth pattern of different hierarchical lobe architectures using 3-D seismic data.We find that the relief of the topographic slope determines the location of preferential deposition of lobe complexes and single lobes.When the topography is irregular and presents topographic lows,lobe complexes first infill these depressions.Single lobes are deposited preferentially at positions with higher longitudinal(i.e.across-slope)slope gradients.As the longitudinal slope becomes higher,the aspect ratio of the single lobes increases.Lateral(i.e.along-slope)topography does not seem to have a strong influence on the shape of single lobe,but it seems to affect the overlap of single lobes.When the lateral slope gradient is relatively high,the single lobes tend to have a larger overlap surface.Furthermore,as the average of lateral slope and longitudinal slope gets greater,the width/thickness ratio of the single lobe is smaller,i.e.sediments tend to accumulate vertically.The results demonstrate that the shape of slopes more comprehensively influences the 3-D architecture of lobes in natural deep-sea systems than previously other lobe deposits and analogue experiments,which helps us better understand the development and evolution of the distal parts of turbidite systems.

Cone-beam computed tomography noise reduction method based on U-Net with convolutional block attention module in proton therapy

Cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) is mostly used for position verification during the treatment process. However,severe image artifacts in CBCT hinder its direct use in dose calculation and adaptive radiation therapy re-planning for proton therapy. In this study, an improved U-Net neural network named CBAM-U-Net was proposed for CBCT noise reduction in proton therapy, which is a CBCT denoised U-Net network with convolutional block attention modules. The datasets contained 20 groups of head and neck images. The CT images were registered to CBCT images as ground truth. The original CBCT denoised U-Net network, sCTU-Net, was trained for model performance comparison. The synthetic CT(SCT) images generated by CBAM-U-Net and the original sCTU-Net are called CBAM-SCT and U-Net-SCT images, respectively. The HU accuracies of the CT, CBCT, and SCT images were compared using four metrics: mean absolute error(MAE), root mean square error(RMSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR), and structure similarity index measure(SSIM). The mean values of the MAE, RMSE, PSNR, and SSIM of CBAM-SCT images were 23.80 HU, 64.63 HU, 52.27 dB, and 0.9919, respectively,which were superior to those of the U-Net-SCT images. To evaluate dosimetric accuracy, the range accuracy was compared for a single-energy proton beam. The γ-index pass rates of a 4 cm × 4 cm scanned field and simple plan were calculated to compare the effects of the noise reduction capabilities of the original U-Net and CBAM-U-Net on the dose calculation results. CBAM-U-Net reduced noise more effectively than sCTU-Net, particularly in high-density tissues. We proposed a CBAM-U-Net model for CBCT noise reduction in proton therapy. Owing to the excellent noise reduction capabilities of CBAM-U-Net, the proposed model provided relatively explicit information regarding patient tissues. Moreover, it maybe be used in dose calculation and adaptive treatment planning in the future.

Qualitative exploration of home life experiences and care needs among elderly patients with temporary intestinal stomas

BACKGROUND This study employed a phenomenological research approach within qualitative research to explore the challenges encountered by elderly individuals with temporary colostomies in managing their daily lives and care needs.Protecting the anus surgery combined with temporary colostomy has emerged as a prevalent treatment modality for low rectal cancer.However,the ileostomy is susceptible to peri-stoma skin complications,as well as fluid,electrolyte,and nutritional imbalances,posing challenges to effective management.The successful selfmanagement of patients is intricately linked to their adjustment to temporary colostomy;nonetheless,there remains a dearth of research examining the factors influencing self-care among temporary colostomy patients and the obstacles they confront.AIM To investigate the lived experiences,perceptions,and care requirements of temporary colostomy patients within their home environment,with the ultimate goal of formulating a standardized management protocol.METHODS Over the period of June to August 2023,a purposive sampling technique was utilized to select 12 patients with temporary intestinal stomas from a tertiary hospital in Shanghai,China.Employing a phenomenological research approach,a semi-structured interview guide was developed,and qualitative interviews were conducted using in-depth interview techniques.The acquired data underwent coding,analysis,organization,and summarization following Colaizzi’s seven-step method.RESULTS The findings of this study revealed that the experiences and needs of patients with temporary intestinal stomas can be delineated into four principal themes:Firstly,Temporary colostomy patients bear various burdens and concerns about the uncertainty of disease progression;secondly,patients exhibit limited self-care capabilities and face information deficits,resulting in heightened reliance on healthcare professionals;thirdly,patients demonstrate the potential for internal motivation through proactive self-adjustment;and finally,patients express a significant need for emotional and social support.CONCLUSION Home-living patients with temporary intestinal stomas confront multifaceted challenges encompassing burdens,inadequate self-care abilities,informational deficits,and emotional needs.Identifying factors influencing patients’self-care at home and proposing strategies to mitigate barriers can serve as a foundational framework for developing and implementing nursing interventions tailored to the needs of patients with temporary intestinal stomas.

阿尔茨海默病患者睡眠障碍特点及其与照护者负担的相关性研究

目的:研究不同程度阿尔茨海默病患者睡眠障碍的特点及其与照护者负担的相关性。方法:纳入2020年7月至2022年7月我院收治的145例阿尔茨海默病患者,根据简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)评分分为轻度组(评分>15,54例)和中重度组(评分≤15,91例)。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)评估阿尔茨海默病患者睡眠障碍情况,采用照顾者负担量表(Zarit Burden Interview,ZBI)评估照护者负担程度。采用Spearman秩相关分析法分析不同程度阿尔茨海默病患者睡眠障碍与照护者负担的相关性。结果:经过与轻度组相比,中重度组患者PSQI总评分及其亚项评分(均P≥0.001)均升高,ZBI总评分(P≥0.001)升高,Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,PSQI总评分(r=0.756,P<0.001)及其睡眠质量(r=0.569,P<0.001)、睡眠潜伏期(r=0.548,P<0.001)、睡眠持续性(r=0.531,P<0.001)评分均与ZBI总评分呈正相关。结论:阿尔茨海默病患者睡眠障碍与照护者负担程度呈正相关,主要体现在睡眠质量、睡眠潜伏期和睡眠持续性这三个方面。

副鸡禽杆菌毒力因子研究进展

副鸡禽杆菌(Avibacterium paragallinarum,Apg)是鸡传染性鼻炎的病原菌,可以引起鸡鼻腔分泌黏液性物质、打喷嚏、眶下窦肿胀、面部水肿和结膜炎等临床症状,导致病鸡生长不良,产蛋率急剧下降,从而危害养禽生产。Apg的致病性受多种因素影响,包括荚膜、脂多糖等细胞壁结构成分和菌体分泌的功能性蛋白(如血凝素和金属蛋白酶等)。本文从生物被膜及组分、细菌分泌物、铁离子获取和利用等方面对Apg毒力因子的研究进展进行归纳和综述,以期为鸡传染性鼻炎的科学防治提供理论参考。

住院老年缺血性脑卒中患者口腔健康状况及影响因素的调查研究

目的旨在调查老年缺血性脑卒中住院患者口腔健康现状并分析影响因素,为制订该人群口腔健康管理策略提供参考依据。方法采用横断面调查,于2022年1一6月选取重庆市2所三级甲等医院的350例老年缺血性脑卒中患者,采用巴氏指数(Barthel Index,BI)、进食评估工具(Eating Assessment Tool-10,EAT-10)和口腔健康评估量表(Oral Health Assessment Tool,OHAT)分别调查研究对象的自理程度、吞咽功能和口腔健康状况,采用自行设计的调查表调查人口统计学、疾病相关信息及口腔健康行为。采用二元logistic回归分析进行相关影响因素分析。结果共纳人346例老年缺血性脑卒中患者,其中男性199例,女性147例。0HAT总得分中位数为5分(总得分范围0~16分)。龋齿(91.7%,278/303)和口腔清洁不良(92.2%,319/346)为该人群主要的口腔健康问题。二元logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、血脂水平、脑卒中发生次数和严重程度、口腔健康行为、自理程度为该人群口腔健康的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论医务人员应加强老年缺血性脑卒中患者口腔健康评估,并针对高危人群的特点实施个性化的健康教育和管理措施,促进其口腔健康。

斑点追踪技术评价主动脉瓣狭窄行TAVR术后左心心肌功能改变

目的 探讨斑点追踪技术评价主动脉瓣狭窄行经皮主动脉瓣置换术后左心心肌功能改变。方法 选择2021年1月—2022年4月在本院因主动脉瓣重度狭窄行TAVR手术的30例患者作为研究对象,分别于术前、术后1周及术后3个月采集二维超声心动图图像,记录左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩期内径(LVESD)、室间隔(IVSD)及左室后壁厚度(LVPWD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、主动脉瓣口前向峰值流速(AVmax)、主动脉瓣最大跨瓣压差(AVPGmax)、主动脉瓣口面积(ASA)、舒张早期二尖瓣环侧壁峰值速度(e’)、舒张早期二尖瓣口峰值流速与二尖瓣瓣环侧壁峰值速度比值(E/e’)。采用斑点追踪技术测得左房及左室应变,包括左心房存储应变(LASr)、左心房管道应变(LAScd)、左心房收缩应变(LASct)、心内膜层纵向收缩期峰值应变(LS-endo)、中层心肌纵向收缩期峰值应变(LS-mid)、心外膜层心肌纵向收缩期峰值应变(LS-epi)以及心内膜层环向收缩期峰值应变(CS-endo)、中层心肌环向收缩期峰值应变(CS-mid)、心外膜层心肌环向收缩期峰值应变(CS-epi)。结果 TAVR术后,AVmax、AVPGmax、AVPGmean及ASA较术前明显改善。TAVR术后3月左室收缩功能提升,室间隔及左室后壁厚度变薄,LVEDD、LVESD、e’、E/e’改善不明显。与术前对比,术后1周LS-endo、LASr、LAScd明显改善(P<0.05),与术前对比,术后3月LS-endo、LS-mid、LS-epi、CS-endo、CS-mid、CS-epi及LASr、LAScd、LASct均明显改善(P<0.05),与术后1周对比,术后3月LS-endo、LS-mid、LS-epi及LASr、LAScd、LASct绝对值均增加(P<0.05)。结论 TAVR术后左室射血分数提高,而斑点追踪技术能较早准确的描述TAVR术后左心心肌功能的变化。

成王败寇？失败正常化对新产品开发绩效的影响机制研究

既有研究鲜有探讨组织的失败管理文化是否以及如何影响新产品开发绩效。基于组织学习理论,利用315家高科技企业经验数据,本文实证检验了失败正常化对新产品开发绩效的影响机制,重点探索拼凑行为和失败学习行为在两者关系间的中介作用。研究发现,失败正常化对新产品开发绩效的正向影响主要通过3条间接路径传导:①拼凑行为的中介传导;②失败学习行为的中介传导;③失败正常化顺次通过失败学习行为、拼凑行为的链式中介作用间接影响了新产品开发绩效。结果表明,失败正常化通过扭转组织成员对失败固有的偏见,能有效塑造组织成员的学习行为,促进组织成员接纳失败、重组资源并及时从失败中学习以提升新产品开发绩效。

1例副鸡禽杆菌和鼻气管鸟杆菌混合感染的诊断

2019年3月,北京某鸡场产蛋鸡群中出现大量面部、眼睑严重肿胀等急性病例,为探明其发病原因,本试验进行了病原菌分离鉴定、分离株16S rRNA测序、药敏试验、动物回归试验。结果显示,从病鸡体内分离到副鸡禽杆菌和鼻气管鸟杆菌2种致病菌。血凝和血凝抑制试验结果表明,分离到的副鸡禽杆菌为A型;免疫琼扩试验结果显示,鼻气管鸟杆菌为A型。药敏试验显示,2株分离菌对氨苄西林、强力霉素等敏感,对链霉素及卡那霉素均不敏感。动物回归试验中,试验鸡单独感染副鸡禽杆菌分离株就会出现眼睑肿、浆液性鼻液、结膜炎等典型症状,单独感染鼻气管鸟杆菌的鸡也会发生流鼻液、呼吸紊乱等症状;混合感染的鸡发病症状比单独感染的鸡更为严重,病程加长。从人工感染发病鸡分泌物中可以成功分离出上述2种病原菌。本研究在国内首次发现副鸡禽杆菌和鼻气管鸟杆菌共感染的病例,为预防、控制和诊断鸡肿头综合征提供新思路。

副鸡禽杆菌LAMP检测方法的建立

应用环介导等温扩增(LAMP)技术建立了快速特异的检测副鸡禽杆菌的方法。利用在线引物设计软件Primer Explorer Version 4.0,针对副鸡禽杆菌16SRNA基因序列设计两组LAMP引物,并对副鸡禽杆菌特异性DNA的扩增条件进行优化,评价所建立LAMP的特异性和灵敏性。结果显示,优化后的反应条件为65℃恒温反应60min,内引物1.60pmol/μL、外引物0.20pmol/μL。该LAMP对13株副鸡禽杆菌均发生了扩增反应,而对大肠埃希菌、禽多杀性巴氏杆菌、空肠弯曲杆菌等14株其他病原微生物没有扩增反应;该LAMP最低检出量为0.17pg/反应,敏感性远高于常规PCR的56pg/反应。结果表明,所建立的副鸡禽杆菌LAMP具有快速、高效、方便操作等特点,适用于基层兽医部门进行副鸡禽杆菌的快速检测。

副鸡禽杆菌外膜囊泡提取及成分分析

为研究副鸡禽杆菌外膜囊泡(OMVs)的构成,提取A型副鸡禽杆菌的OMVs,纯化并透射电镜观察其形态结构,检测其内毒素含量和DNA含量,分析其是否具有血凝活性,测定OMVs蛋白含量,并用质谱法分析了OMVs的蛋白组成成分。结果显示,副鸡禽杆菌的OMVs呈球形、泡状,直径为20 nm^300 nm,含有内毒素和少量核酸物质。该OMVs不能凝集鸡红细胞,Western blot结果表明,OMVs蛋白与该菌外膜蛋白单克隆抗体有阳性反应,构成OMVs的蛋白分子质量大多集中于65 ku和13 ku处,蛋白成分主要有ATP依赖性RNA解旋酶等多种功能酶、铁链霉素B受体、膜蛋白等结构成分和一些未知功能的假定蛋白等,为进一步分析副鸡禽杆菌外膜囊泡在致病和免疫方面的作用奠定基础。

基于重组外膜蛋白研制检测副鸡禽杆菌抗体金标试纸

为研制一种采用胶体金间接法检测副鸡禽杆菌抗体的试纸条,本试验设计试纸条胶体金标记的蛋白为兔抗鸡IgG蛋白,检测线(T)为副鸡禽杆菌外膜蛋白P9,质控线(C)为羊抗兔IgG蛋白。检测试纸条的特异性、灵敏度及稳定性,并与间接ELISA法检测结果比较2种方法符合率。结果显示,当副鸡禽杆菌标准阳性血清稀释1000倍时,用该试纸条仍可检测出阳性结果,表明该检测试纸条敏感性良好;试纸条检测鸡新城疫病毒阳性血清、禽流感病毒阳性血清、鸡支原体阳性血清、鸡大肠埃希菌阳性血清等均为阴性,无交叉反应,说明试纸条具有很好的特异性;试纸条在4℃冰箱存放28 d,仍可成功检测出副鸡禽杆菌阳性血清,灵敏度下降不明显,说明该试纸条具有很好的稳定性。用此试纸条检测200份鸡传染性鼻炎疫苗免疫后的血清样品,阳性符合率为98%。此外,针对已知阴性、阳性血清样品,采用该试纸条与采用ELISA法检测,2种试验方法的检测总符合率高达99.5%。综上所述,此试纸条特异性、灵敏性及稳定性均很好,是一种理想的检测副鸡禽杆菌抗体的方法。

副鸡禽杆菌外膜囊泡的生物学活性分析

为研究副鸡禽杆菌(Apg)外膜囊泡(OMVs)的生物活性,提取了A型副鸡禽杆菌的外膜囊泡。纯化后的OMVs用透射电镜观察其形态结构;将OMVs加入到鸡巨噬细胞(HD-11)培养液中,检测一氧化氮(NO)产生量的变化;用荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测HD-11各炎症相关因子的表达量变化情况;将OMVs经肌肉注射接种SPF鸡,检测鸡血清IgG抗体产生情况,并用3种血清型的副鸡禽杆菌强毒菌株攻击免疫鸡,测定其免疫保护率。结果显示,电镜下的副鸡禽杆菌OMVs呈球形,直径在20~300 nm;OMVs可极显著提高HD-11中NO产量;qPCR结果显示,OMVs作用可显著上调鸡巨噬细胞IL-2、IL-6、 IL-1β、IL-10、iNOs等炎症相关因子的表达。免疫鸡可以产生特异性的IgG抗体。用A型副鸡禽杆菌攻毒,免疫保护率为70%,对异种血清型交叉保护性较弱,仅有10%~30%。本研究为深入研究副鸡禽杆菌外膜囊泡的功能奠定了基础。

贵州民族地区推进城镇化与农民工融入城镇研究

贵州民族地区主要包括黔西南布依族苗族自治州、黔南布依族苗族自治州和黔东南苗族侗族自治州,通过对三个民族自治州的实地调研,发现虽然三个州的城镇化水平近年来都有一定提升,也有大量农民工为了生存和发展的需要流动到城镇。但是如何推进城镇化的进程与农民工顺利融入城镇仍然存在一些问题,主要体现在民族地区城镇化水平偏低,城镇规模小、发展分布不平衡,城镇分布受特殊地理环境及交通路线的制约,城镇基础设施落后、缺乏发展后劲,城镇产业聚集度低、缺乏特色等;在农民工融入城镇方面也面临着农民工受教育、技能水平低,收入低且不稳定、居住条件差,城乡居民思想观念差异大,农民工缺乏融入城镇的制度支持、社会网络有限、交往范围小等困境。因此,本文聚焦贵州民族地区,旨在总结归纳城镇化发展的相关经验启示及教训,并从社会流动、社会融入和社会排斥三个理论视角研究农民工融入城镇问题,提出贵州民族地区推进城镇化与农民工融入城镇的路径选择。

miRNA-185和DNA甲基转移酶1在妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮患者T细胞中的表达及其意义

目的探讨miRNA-185和DNA甲基转移酶1(DNMT1)在妊娠合并系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)患者T细胞中的表达及在发病中的作用。方法采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应和蛋白质印迹检测DNMT1mRNA和蛋白的表达,核转染后72 h检测甲基化敏感性基因的水平。并与健康人群比较,分析其表达差异及意义。结果结果显示,miRNA-185在妊娠合并SLE患者的CD4^+T细胞中上调(P <0.05),其过表达与DNMT1 mRNA水平呈负相关。在健康人CD4^+T细胞中,miRNA-185的过表达会导致DNA低甲基化、CD11a和CD70基因编码的上调。抑制SLE患者的CD4^+T细胞中miRNA-185的表达,会起到DNA甲基化逆转作用。结论 miRNA-185能靶向作用于DNMT1,并导致系统性红斑狼疮患者妊娠期间CD4^+T细胞的DNA低甲基化。miRNA-185可能是SLE干预治疗的潜在治疗靶点。

1例犬乳腺癌的病理组织学诊断

为了鉴定1例犬乳腺肿物性质及病理变化,本试验利用苏木素-伊红(H.E.)染色及免疫组化等方法对1例犬乳腺肿瘤进行病理组织学检查,分析肿瘤组织细胞的病理变化。通过细胞分离培养,确定肿瘤细胞的生长特性;并用免疫荧光法检测肿瘤细胞标记物,判断该病例的预后情况。H.E.染色结果显示,该病例乳腺细胞和乳腺导管发生癌变。免疫组化结果显示,肿瘤相关蛋白P63、CK5/6及α-SMA表达阳性,雌激素(ER)、孕激素(PR)、人表皮生长因子-2(HER-2)的蛋白表达均为阴性,表明该病例为三阴性犬乳腺癌。纯化的癌细胞呈上皮细胞特征,细胞倍增时间为26.35 h。该细胞的免疫荧光检测结果显示,SOX-2及Ki-67高表达,进一步佐证其为乳腺癌,并且预后不良。免疫组化试验结果与组织病理学判定结果一致,表明此犬乳腺肿物为三阴性乳腺癌。