Breast cancer-related lymphedema: Symptoms, diagnosis, risk reduction, and management

The global burden of breast cancer continues to increase largely because of the aging and growth of the world population. More than 1.38 million women worldwide were estimated to be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2008, accounting for 23% of all diagnosed cancers in women. Given that the 5-year survival rate for breast cancer is now 90%, experiencing breast cancer is ultimately about quality of life. Women treated for breast cancer are facing a life-time risk of developing lymphedema, a chronic condition that occurs in up to 40% of this population and negatively affects breast cancer survivors' quality of life. This review offers an insightful understanding of the condition by providing clinically relevant and evidence based knowledge regarding lymphedema symptoms, diagnosis, risk reduction, and management with the intent to inform health care professionals so that they might be better equipped to care for patients.

我国护理研究知情同意的现状与规范化建设

着眼于我国护理研究知情同意现状,阐述了知情同意的起源、涵义以及我国护理研究在知情同意过程中存在的主要问题。针对存在的问题,提出了规范化建设的建议,从知情同意的三个环节:知情同意书的撰写、知情同意过程、知情同意书的签署着手,建设规范的可量化的知情同意方案,为今后学者在进行护理研究知情同意时提供参考和借鉴。

头颈癌手术患者住院期间体质量减轻对术后一个月功能的预测研究

目的 探究头颈癌手术患者住院期间体质量减轻对其术后1个月功能的预测作用.方法 运用一般资料问卷、欧洲癌症研究和治疗组织生命质量核心量表功能子量表对2017年8-11月四川大学华西医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科符合纳入、排除标准的122例头颈癌患者在住院期间、术后1个月进行问卷调查.结果 头颈癌患者术后1个月功能得分为86.67(73.33,93.33)~100.00 (100.00,100.00)分,其中躯体功能得分较低;住院期间体质量减轻的患者术后1个月躯体功能、角色功能、社会功能得分较低(P<0.05);年龄(OR=6.262,P<0.05)、住院期间体质量减轻(OR=4.363, P<0.05)是头颈癌患者术后1个月躯体功能的危险因素,住院期间体质量(OR=3.306,P<0.05)是头颈癌患者术后1个月社会功能的危险因素.结论 头颈癌手术患者住院期间体质量减轻能够预测术后1个月功能的下降.临床医护人员应当重视头颈癌患者尤其是老年患者的围手术期营养问题,采取有效干预措施控制住院期间体质量,改善患者术后功能与生命质量.