视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的OCT影像指标研究进展

视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)是仅次于糖尿病视网膜病变的第二大致盲性视网膜血管疾病,其并发症黄斑水肿(ME)是视力下降的重要原因。目前玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子药物是RVO-ME的一线治疗方式,可改善视网膜形态,提高患者视力。光学相干断层扫描成像(OCT)能对视网膜结构进行清晰的成像,通过OCT所发现的一些特定的影像学特征成为评估RVO患者预后的生物标志物。对近年来发现的中央视网膜厚度、脉络膜厚度、视网膜内层结构紊乱、高反射点、外界膜及椭圆体带的完整性、黄斑体积、中界膜征、急性黄斑旁中心中层视网膜病变及高反射垂直线等生物标志物进行综述,为选择RVO的最佳治疗提供参考。

SiO_(2)担载的Au@Pt与Au@Pd核壳型双金属催化剂的结构热稳定性对比研究

双金属纳米颗粒催化剂因其在众多化学反应中的广泛应用而备受人们关注.其催化性能与双金属颗粒的结构密切相关.在原子水平上理解其结构热稳定性对设计高稳定性双金属催化剂具有重要意义.本文利用选择性原子层沉积技术,在SiO_(2)载体上精准地构筑了Au@Pt与Au@Pd核壳型催化剂,其中Au核尺寸约为5.1 nm,Pt或Pd的壳层厚度均控制在两个原子层左右.使用谱学、电镜表征对比其在氢气氛围下的结构热稳定性,发现相较于Au@Pd/SiO_(2)核壳型催化剂,Au@Pt/SiO_(2)更难于向合金结构转变,展现出了更为优异的结构热稳定性.此外,550℃高温还原后,两种催化剂均维持其颗粒尺寸,无明显聚集现象,展现出优异的抗烧结性能.Au@Pt/SiO_(2)核壳型催化剂具备更好的结构热稳定性,可能是源于壳层Pt原子更高的熔点以及Au-Pt之间更小的晶格失配.该工作为理解双金属纳米颗粒在高温下的热力学行为的内在机制提供了参考.

Introducing Spin Polarization into Mixed-Dimensional Van der Waals Heterostructures for High-Efficiency Visible-Light Photocatalysis

The low separation efficiency of the photogenerated carrier and the poor activity of the surface redox reaction are the main barrier to further improvement of photocatalytic materials.To address these issues,introducing spin-polarized electrons in single-component photocatalytic materials emerged as a promising approach.However,the decreased redox ability of photocarriers in these materials becomes a new challenge.Herein,we mitigate this challenge with a carbon nitride sheet(CNs)/graphene nanoribbon(GNR)composite material that has a van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs)and spin-polarized electron properties.Experimental results and theoretical calculations show that the heterostructure has a strong redox ability,high carrier-separation efficiency,and enhanced surface catalytic reaction.Consequently,the mixed-dimensional CNs/GNR vdWHs exhibit remarkable performance for H_(2)and O_(2)generation as well as CO_(2)production under visible-light irradiation without any cocatalyst.The spin-polarized vdWHs discovered in this study revealed a new type of photocatalytic materials and advanced the development of spintronics and photocatalysis.

视网膜静脉阻塞动物模型的制作方法

视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)分为视网膜分支静脉阻塞和视网膜中央静脉阻塞,是以视网膜静脉扩张迂曲、血流瘀滞、出血和水肿为特征的病变,常并发黄斑水肿和新生血管,新生血管型青光眼是其最严重的并发症。视网膜静脉阻塞对视力危害较大,是仅次于糖尿病性视网膜病变的第二大致盲性眼病。目前为止,视网膜静脉阻塞的患病人数增多,但其发病机制尚未完全明了,而且也无长久有效的治疗方法。实验室中动物模型对视网膜静脉阻塞发病机制和治疗方法的研究至关重要,因此本文对视网膜静脉阻塞实验中使用的动物及模型的制作方法做了简要综述,并对各种视网膜静脉阻塞动物模型的优缺点进行讨论。

Astragalus mongholicus polysaccharide inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α and interleukin-8

AIM： To explore the effect of Astraga/us mongholicus polysaccharide （APS） on gene expression and mitogenactivated protein kinase （MAPK） transcriptional activity in intestinal epithelial cells （IEC）. METHODS： IEC were divided into control group, lipopolysaccharide （LPS） group, LPS＋ 50 μg/mL APS group, LPS＋ 100 μg/mL APS group, LPS＋ 200 μg/mL APS group, and LPS＋ 500 μg/mL APS group. Levels of mRNAs in LPS-induced inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α and interleukin （IL）-8, were measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. MAPK protein level was measured by Western blotting. RESULTS： The levels of TNF-α and IL-8 mRNAs were significantly higher in IEC with LPS-induced damage than in control cells. APS significantly abrogated the LPS-induced expression of the TNF-α and IL-8 genes. APS did not block the activation of extracellular signal- regulated kinase or c Jun amino-terminal kinase, but inhibited the activation of p38, suggesting that APS inhibits LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-8 mRNAs, possibly by suppressing the p38 signaling pathway.CONCLUSION： APS-modulated bacterial productmediated p38 signaling represents an attractive strategy for prevention and treatment of intestinal inflammation.

Ultrasonic diagnosis of biliary atresia: A retrospective analysis of 20 patients

AIM: To investigate the clinical value of ultrasono-graphic diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA), a retrospective analysis of the sonogram of 20 children with BA was undertaken. METHODS: Ultrasonography (US) was performed in 20 neonates and infants with BA, which was confirmed with cholangiography by operation or abdominoscopy. The presence of triangular cord, the size and echo of liver, the changes in empty stomach gallbladder and postprandial gallbladder were observed and recorded. RESULTS: The triangular cord could be observed at the porta hepatis (thickness: 0.3-0.6 cm) in 10 cases. Smaller triangular cord (0.2-0.26 cm) can be observed in 3 cases. The gallbladder was not observed in 2 cases, and 1 case showed a streak gallbladder without capsular space. The gallbladders of 15 cases were flat and small. The gallbladders of 2 cases were of normal size and appearance, however, there was no postprandial contraction. The livers of all cases showed hepatomegaly and hetreogeneous echogenicity. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the hepatomegaly and hetreogeneous echogenicity and the stage of hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSION: The presence of the triangular cord atthe porta hepatis is specific. However, it is not the only diagnostic criterion, since flat and small gallbladder and poor contraction are also of important diagnostic and differential diagnostic significance. The degree of hepatomegaly and hetreogeneous echogenicity is proportional with liver fibrosis, and able to indicate the duration of course and prognosis.

Effects of Bifidobacterium infantis on cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant and insulin-like growth factor-1 in the ileum of rats with endotoxin injury

BACKGROUND The digestive tract is the maximal immunizing tissue in the body, and mucosal integrity and functional status of the gut is very important to maintain a healthy organism. Severe infection is one of the most common causes of gastrointestinal dysfunction, and the pathogenesis is closely related to endotoxemia and intestinal barrier injury. Bifidobacterium is one of the main probiotics in the human body that is involved in digestion, absorption, metabolism, nutrition, and immunity.Bifidobacterium plays an important role in maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity. This study investigated the protective mechanism of Bifidobacterium during ileal injury in rats.AIM To investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium on cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant(CINC) and insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) in the ileum of rats with endotoxin injury.METHODS Preweaning rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control(group C),model(group E) and treatment(group T). Group E was intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide(LPS) to create an animal model of intestinal injury.Group T was intragastrically administered Bifidobacterium suspension 7 d before LPS. Group C was intraperitoneally injected with normal saline. The rats were killed at 2, 6 or 12 h after LPS or physiological saline injection to collect ilealtissue samples. The expression of ileal CINC mRNA was evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), and expression of ileal IGF-1 protein and mRNA was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR,respectively.RESULTS The ileum of rats in Group C did not express CINC mRNA, ileums from Group E expressed high levels, which was then significantly decreased in Group T(F =23.947, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in CINC mRNA expression at different times(F = 0.665, P > 0.05). There was a high level of IGF-1 brown granules in ileal crypts and epithelial cells in Group C, sparse staining in Group E, and dark, dense brown staining in Group T. There was a significant difference between Groups C and E and Groups E and T(P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in IGF-1 protein expression at different times(F = 1.269, P > 0.05). IGF-1 mRNA expression was significantly different among the three groups(P < 0.05),though not at different times(F = 0.086, P > 0.05).CONCLUSION Expression of CINC mRNA increased in the ileum of preweaning rats with endotoxin injury, and exogenous administration of Bifidobacterium reduced CINC m RNA expression. IGF-1 protein and mRNA expression decreased in the ileum of preweaning rats with endotoxin injury, and exogenous administration of Bifidobacterium prevented the decrease in IGF-1 expression. Bifidobacterium may increase IGF-1 expression and enhance intestinal immune barrier function in rats with endotoxin injury.

Genetic polymorphism of UL144 open reading frame of human cytomegalovirus DNA detected in colon samples from infants with Hirschsprung's disease

AIM： To explore the genetic diversities of UL144 open reading frame （ORF） of cytomegalovirus DNA detected in colon tissue from infants with Hirschsprung＇s disease （HD） by sequencing UL144 DNA in 23 aganglionic colon tissue and 4 urine samples from 25 HD infants. METHODS： Nest PCR was performed for amplification of the UL144 gene. The UL144 gene was analyzed with soffwares, such as DNAclub, BioEdit, PROSITE database, and DNAstar. RESULTS： The strains from HD patients were distributed among three genotypes of UL144： group 1A （64%）, group 2 （24%）, and group 3 （12%）. The UL144 genotypes between strains from HD and control group were compared by chi square test （x^2 = 1.870, P = 0.393）. Strains from the colon were sporadically distributed in UL144 genotypes. CONCLUSION： There are genetic diversities of UL144 ORF in colon tissue of infants with HD. However, cytomegalovirus UL144 genotypes are not associated with clinical manifestations of HD.

A passive source ranging method based on the frequency warping transform of the vertical intensity flux in shallow water

The phase of cross-correlation function of two different normal modes contains source range information, which can be extracted by warping transform due to the dispersive characteristics of the shallow water waveguide. The autocorrelation function of the received pressure or particle velocity contains both modal autocorrelation component(MAC) and modal cross-correlation component(MCC), with the former part usually treated as interference for source ranging. Because the real part of the vertical intensity flux(RPVIF) only contains MCC, a passive impulsive source ranging method based on the frequency warping transform of RPVIF with a single vector receiver in shallow water is presented. Using a waveguide-invariant-based frequency warping operator, the cross-correlation components of two different modes in the vertical intensity flux are warped into separable impulsive sequences, the time delays of which are subsequently used for source ranging. The advantages of source ranging based on warping the vertical intensity flux compared with warping the pressure autocorrelation function are pointed out, and the experiment results are also presented.

Effect of STAT3 siRNA-Induced Inhibition of STAT3 Gene Expression on the Growth and Apoptosis of Lewis Lung Cancer Cells

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of short interference RNA （siRNA） against STAT3 induced inhibition of STAT3 gene expression and on the growth and apoptosis of Lewis lung cancer cells. METHODS pSilencer 2.1-U6 STAT3 siRNA against STAT3-mRNA was synthesized, Lewis lung cancer cells were divided into 3 groups： vehicle, plasmid, and STAT3 siRNA in which the ceils were treated with RPMI- 1640 culture media, or transfected with pSilencer empty vector, or pSilencer STAT3 siRNA, Semiquantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis of STAT3 gene expression in the cells was performed 72 h after transfection, MFr assay for cell proliferation, flow cytometry and DNA laddering electrophoresis were used for determination of cell proliferation and apoptosis, RESULTS STAT3 was markedly expressed at both the mRNA and protein levels in the cells treated with RPMI-1640 media or transfected with the plasmid vector, whereas STAT3 expression was significantly reduced in cells treated with STAT3 siRNA, These findings suggest that STAT3 siRNA effectively inhibited STAT3 expression. Transfection of the cells with STAT3 siRNA resulted in significant cellular growth inhibition and enhanced apoptosis, CONCLUSION Transfection of Lewis lung cancer cells with synthetic STAT3 siRNA resulted in effective inhibition of STAT3 gene expression at both protein and mRNA levels, leading to induced apoptosis and growth suppression.

Preliminary evidence in treatment of eosinophilic gastroenteritis in children:A case series

BACKGROUND Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare inflammatory disorder in children.However,there is still no standard guideline in the treatment of pediatric eosinophilic gastroenteritis.AIM To report our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of children with eosinophilic gastroenteritis.METHODS From January 2017 to December 2019,a total of 22 children were diagnosed with eosinophilic gastroenteritis.RESULTS Endoscopic examination showed eosinophil infiltration in the duodenum[mean number of eosinophils/high-power field(HPF)=53.1±81.5],stomach(mean number of eosinophils/HPF=36.8±50.5),and terminal ileum(mean number of eosinophils/HPF=49.0±24.0).All 18 children with low eosinophil infiltration(<14%)responded well to the initial drug treatment without relapse,while two of four children with high eosinophil infiltration(>14%)relapsed after initial methylprednisolone/montelukast treatment.In addition,children with high eosinophil infiltration(>14%)showed symptomatic relief and histological remission without further relapse after receiving budesonide/methylprednisolone as initial or relapse treatment.CONCLUSION Methylprednisolone/montelukast is still the best treatment for children with low eosinophil infiltration(<14%).Budesonide can be considered as the initial or relapse treatment for children with high eosinophil infiltration(>14%).

Therapeutic endoscopy of a Dieulafoy lesion in a 10-year-old girl:A case report

BACKGROUND There are multiple causes of sudden gastrointestinal bleeding in children.Reports of Dieulafoy lesions(DLs)in children are scarce.DLs can be fatal without appropriate treatment.CASE SUMMARY We present a retrospective analysis of the clinical manifestations,endoscopic features,and treatment of a Chinese girl with a DL,as well as a review of the relevant literature.A 10-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with sudden massive hematemesis and melena.Abdominal computed tomography revealed suspected submucosal bleeding in the stomach.Finally,the disease was diagnosed with endoscopy due to the typical manifestations.We used electrocoagulation and hemoclips under endoscopy for hemostasis.No recurrence of hematemesis was identified during 4-wk’follow-up.CONCLUSION DLs in children are rare but an important cause of sudden gastrointestinal hemorrhage.Many pediatricians are inexperienced and often miss or delay diagnosis.Endoscopy as early as possible is the first choice for diagnosis and treatment.

Comparative Study on Tissue Distribution of Tibetan Medicines Renqing Mangjue Compatible with Zuota

[Objectives]To explore the mechanism for the attenuate-synergistic effect of Zuota to Renqing Mangjue,a contrasted study on the tissue distribution of Tibetan medicines Renqing Mangjue compatible with Zuota was carried out. [Methods] The SD rats gastric ulcer model were made successfully,and then respectively were given Renqing Mangjue compatible with Zuota or not according to the dose of 0. 144 g/kg and normal saline by gavage administration,once a day. After 14 d of administration,various organs and tissue were isolated,including brain,heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,jejunum,skeletal muscle,fat,skin,submandibular gland,uterus and ovary( or testicle and epididymis).The LC-MS/MS methods were used for determining the contents of brucine and strychnine in various organs and tissue,and significant difference analysis,main target site analysis and clustering analysis were implemented. [Results]Between the Zuota group and non-Zuota group,there was extremely significant difference in the content of brucine in the liver,kidney,muscle,lung,ovary,and heart( P < 0. 01),significant difference in the jejunum( P < 0. 05),and no significant difference in the epididymis,testis,brain,skin and uterus( P > 0. 05); the content of brucine in the submandibular gland,spleen,liver and ovary increased significantly,but significantly reduced in the kidney,muscle,jejunum,lung and heart. And there was extremely significant difference in the content of strychnine in the liver,kidney,ovary,brain and heart( P < 0. 01),and no significant difference in the uterus( P > 0. 05); the strychnine content increased significantly in the liver,spleen and ovary,and significantly decreased in the kidney,muscle,testis,lung,brain and heart.[Conclusions] Compatibility of Zuota can affect the distribution of brucine and strychnine in some tissue and organs,so as to achieve attenuate-synergistic effect of Zuota to Renqing Mangjue.

Commercial genetically modified corn and soybean are poised following pilot planting in China

"Who will feed China?"This was a question raised by Lester Brown,the director of the World Watch Institute in the United States,in 1994.He predicted that China's grain production would decrease from 340 million tons in 1990 to 272 million tons by 2030,a 20%decrease,while China's population would reach 1.6 billion(Brown,1995).If the dietary structure was not improved,China would need to import 200-369 million tons of grain,equivalent to the global grain trade at the time.He projected the high possibility of a food crisis in China,which might further trigger a global food crisis.However,with the joint efforts of national agricultural researchers,represented by Yuan Longping,and the Chinese government,China's grain production has achieved 18 consecutive increases from 2004 to 2021.In 2022,grain production in China reached 633 million tons(NBS and Statistics,2022),while the population remained stable at 1.4 billion.As a result,China has achieved complete self-sufficiency in its staple food supply and has demonstrated to the international community through practical actions that the Chinese people can feed themselves.

Evaluating the Compatibility Mechanism of Shengxian Decoction Based on an Excretion Study of 18 Bioactive Constituents in Rat Biosamples

Introduction:The Shengxian decoction(SXT),a Chinese herbal medication used to treat heart failure,is composed of Astragali Radix,Anemarrhenae Rhizoma,Bupleuri Radix,Cimicifuage Rhizoma,and Platycodonis Radix.Knowledge of the excretion of the active compounds in this herbal medication is vital for investigating the underlying mechanisms behind its compatibility.However,this remains unclear.Methods:Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was performed in both positive and negative modes to assay 18 constituents of SXT from rat urinary,fecal,and biliary samples.Results:The methodology was validated and showed good linearity(r≥0.9),precision,stability,repeatability,and recovery.The relative standard deviations and relative errors for the precision and accuracy did not exceed 15%.The recoveries of all the compounds ranged from 77.37%to 114.82%,and the matrix effect was between 82.53%and 105.71%.The results suggested that,when combined with Platycodonis Radix,the levels of 14 constituents from the four herbs were reduced in the urine,while the levels of six constituents were reduced in the feces.Conclusions:The comparative excretion results indicated that Platycodonis Radix reduced the excretion of compounds in SXT,demonstrating the compatibility mechanism and holistic properties of these compounds,favoring the pharmacological effects of SXT.

A novel fluorescent probe for volatile amine vapor detection

In recent years,fluorescent probes have gained significant prominence in the field of substance analysis and detection[1–4].The development of high-performance volatile amine gas sensors is crucial for applications in food quality control,disease monitoring,and environmental protection[2].

Insights into the changes of amino acids,microbial community,and enzymatic activities related with the nutrient quality of product during the composting of food waste

This study systematically investigated the changes of amino acids as the composting process of food waste proceeded.It is found that the addition of 0.3 g/g total solids of food waste achieved the highest seed germination index of the product(268%).The microbial community results indicated that the abundance of amino acid metabolism sequences remained at high levels during the whole composting process.Proline was identified as the key amino acid related with the nutrient quality of product during the composting of food waste.Further plant germination and hydroponic experiments found,that compared with those without the addition of proline,the addition of 50 mg/L proline increased seed germination rate by 20%,increased shoot length by 3%,increased root biomass of seedlings by 82%,and increased leaf biomass of seedlings by 76%,respectively.Firmicutes,γ-Pseudomonadota,Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes were the key identified bacteria related with the increase of proline during the composting of food waste.Meanwhile,the enzymatic tests of the activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and malondialdehyde indicated that proline did not cause oxidative damage on the growth of plants.This study provided novel insights into the changes of amino acids,microbial community,and enzymatic activities related with the nutrient quality of product during the composting of food waste.

Consensus for criteria of running a pediatric inflammatory bowel disease center using a modified Delphi approach

Background Good quality of care for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)depends on high-standard management and facility in the IBD center.Yet,there are no clear measures or criteria for evaluating pediatric IBD(PIBD)center in China.The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive set of quality indicators(QIs)for evaluating PIBD center in China.Methods A modified Delphi consensus-based approach was used to identify a set of QIs of structure,process,and outcomes for defining the criteria.The process included an exhaustive search using complementary approaches to identify potential QIs,and two web-based voting rounds to select the QIs defining the criteria for PIBD center.Results A total of 101 QIs(35 structures,48 processes and 18 outcomes)were included in this consensus.Structure QIs focused on the composition of multidisciplinary team,facilities and services that PIBD center should provide.Process QIs highlight core requirements in diagnosing,evaluating,treating PIBD,and disease follow-up.Outcome QIs mainly included criteria evaluating effectiveness of various interventions in PIBD centers.Conclusion The present Delphi consensus developed a set of main QIs that may be useful for managing a PIBD center.

层间Cu^(+)离子重排诱导体系超导转变

层间离子插层的层状材料表现出多样有趣的物理和化学特性.为了获得奇特的二维材料,离子客体对晶体的掺杂和调控在材料科学中得到广泛应用.然而,在离子插层层状材料的研究中,由层间结构变化所引起的性质研究较少.因此,在本文中我们展示了由于Cu_(0.65)NbS_(2)纳米片的新型层间结构导致的超导性.随着维度的降低,层间铜离子的占位从体相结构时的单一四面体位点转变为混合四面体位点,导致原本的普通金属态转变成超导体.值得注意的是,材料的超导转变温度具有强烈的厚度依赖性,并且随厚度变化呈火山曲线,展现出了与纯NbS2体系不同的随样品层数变化关系.操控层间离子的排列方式将成为促进二维材料领域新本征性质研究的重要方法之一.

我国网络平台本土兰科植物贸易状况

我国兰科植物物种丰富,很多具有极高的药用和观赏价值。随着网络平台的迅速发展,兰科植物的线上交易越来越普遍。为了解国内网络平台的本土兰科植物贸易情况,本文利用PyCharm Community软件爬取网络交易信息和人工浏览收集的方法,分析了淘宝网、拼多多和中兰网的兰科植物贸易情况。调查发现:网络贸易的本土兰科植物共计84属339种(含3变种),包含45个中国特有种,兰属(Cymbidium)和石斛属(Dendrobium)是最大的贸易对象。其中,仅以观赏用途作为卖点的兰科植物309种(91.1%),仅以药用价值作为卖点的兰科植物5种(1.5%),以双用途作为卖点的兰科植物25种(7.4%)。本次调查共记录到336种(99.1%)野生兰科植物销售信息,并发现部分销售者刻意包装野生兰科植物的现象。大部分淘宝网和拼多多的兰科植物最大销售量对应的价位为10–49元,其中拼多多的价格更低且集中,位于15–35元的占57.5%。商品货源地较集中,主要包括云南省、广东省、广西壮族自治区、浙江省、福建省和四川省。进一步对本次记录的兰科植物进行濒危等级统计后发现:受威胁兰科植物188种(55.5%),其中极危(Critically Endangered,CR)23种(6.8%),濒危(Endangered,EN)85种(25.1%),易危(Vulnerable,VU)80种(23.6%)。为加强我国野生兰科植物多样性保护,强烈建议各网络平台依据最新《国家重点保护野生植物名录》制定兰科植物商品信息发布规则,重点监督货源地集中的地区,同时加强对公众的宣传教育,相关部门应利用网络平台加强兰科资源的信息交流,共同保护野生兰科植物。