Effects of Soil Texture on the Growth of Young Apple Trees and Soil Microbial Community Structure Under Replanted Conditions

A two-year field experiment was carried out in order to study the occurrence degree and mechanism of apple replant disease(ARD)in the apple orchards with different soil textures.So we can adopt appropriate controlmeasures according to the severity of ARD.Healthy two-year-old seedlings with consistent growth were selected,of which the root stock was T337 and the scion was Yanfu 3.There were significant differences in biomass between methyl bromide fumigation and replanted treatments,and the difference was the largest in clay loam,followed by sandy loam,and loam,which verified ARD in clay loam was most serious,followed by sandy loam and loam.Based on high-throughput sequencing of fungi in soil samples,fungal richness and diversity were the highest in clay loam,followed by sandy loam,and loam.The relative abundance of Fusarium in SX,SL,FX,FL,WX and WL was 7.33%,19.32%,2.70%,4.24%,10.71%and 23.87%,respectively.Based on Real-time quantitative analysis,there were significant differences in the number of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani between methyl bromide fumigation and replanted treatments,i.e.,clay loam>sandy loam>loam.Fusarium was the main pathogen causing ARD.This shows that ARD is the most serious under replanted clay loam condition.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to prove the difference in Fusarium was one of the important reasons for ARD under different soil textures.This technology provides a new idea for the prevention and control of ARD.

The Analysis of Pedigree GZ (Guangzhou) . 1 with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Purpose:To analyze the hereditary modality of primary open-angle glaucoma in China.Methds:The genetic form of Pedigree GZ.1was analyzed using Mandalian hereditary rules.Results:PedigreeGZ.1 had following characteristics:1)The pedigree had four gene-rations,and there existed POAG patients in each generation;2)Each patient had a parent withPOAG.Ifthparents didn't suffer from the disease,their children would not.3)The incidence of POAG in the relatives of the patients was1/2,In addition,The age of onset,intraocular pressure,fundus and prognosis was different from each other in the patients.Conclusions:1)Pedigree GZ.1 is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.2)There exists individual differences of clinical manifestations in POAG patients,Eye Science2000;16:53-55.

New developments in Biotechnology-an overview

人类运用生物技术已经几千年了。直到上个世纪,发酵方法生产啤酒、白酒、面包、酱油以及其它食品都是在农产品领域的主要应用。自从50年前DNA和RNA结构和作用被揭示以来,一场生物技术的革命便产生了,并导致了两项关键技术的发展:1）通过基因技术进行遣传因素的修改;2）新型快速多样分析工具;最新的发展都基于遗传学。这篇文章我将探讨以下问题:遗传因子修改的进展和公众认可的争论;基因学技术在农产品领域的应用;我的TNO研究所与中国伙伴联合的生物技术项目的例子;谷物科技方面的生物技术。

Pulse radiolysis study on aqueous solution of nicotine

Nicotine has been studied for the first time by pulse radiolysis techniques. It has been found that hy- drated electrons, hydrogen radicals and hydroxyl radicals can react with nicotine to produce anion radicals and neu- tral radicals, respectively, and the related rate constants have been determined.

The Analysis of Pedigree GZ（Guangzhou）.1 with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Purpose:To analyze the hereditary modality of primary open-angle glaucoma in China.Methods:The genetic form of Pedigree GZ.1 was analyzed using Mandalian hereditary rules.Results:Pedigree GZ.1 had following characteristics:1)The pedigree had four gene-rations,and there existed POAG patients in each generation;2) Each patient had a parent with POAG.If the parents didn't suffer from the disease,their children would not.3)The incidence of POAG in the relatives of the patients was 1/2 .In addition,The age of onset,intraocular pressure,fundus and prognosis was different from each other in the patients.Conclusions:1)Pedigree GZ.1 is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.2) There exists individual differences of clinical manifestations in POAG patients.Eye Science 2000;16:53-55.

A Real-world Prospective Study of Mother-to-child Transmission of HBV in China Using a Mobile Health Application (Shield 01)

Background and Aims:The World Health Organization(WHO)Western Pacific Region set a target of eliminating mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of hepatitis B virus(HBV)by 2030.To assess the feasibility of this target in China,we carried out an epidemiological study to investigate the status quo of MTCT in the real-world setting.Methods:One thousand and eight hepatitis B surface antigen-positive preg-nant women were enrolled at 10 hospitals.Immunoprophy-laxis was administered to infants.In addition,mothers with HBV DNA level>2,000,000 IU/mL were advised to initiate antiviral therapy during late pregnancy.A health application called SHIELD was used to manage the study.Results:Nine hundred and five of the enrolled mothers,with 924 infants,completed the follow-up.Birth-dose hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin were received by 99.7%and 99.7%of infants,respectively,within 24 h after birth.There ;were 446 mothers who received antiviral therapy,including 72.3%of the mothers with HBV DNA level>2,000,000 IU/mL and 21.0%of the mothers with HBV DNA level<2,000,000 IU/mL.Eight infants were infected with HBV.The overall rate of MTCT was 0.9%.Birth defects were rare(0.5%among in-fants with maternal antiviral exposure versus 0.7%among infants without exposure;p=1.00).Conclusions:The MTCT rate was lower than the WHO Western Pacific Region elimina-tion MTCT target in this real-world study,indicating that a comprehensive management composed of immunoprophy-laxis to infants and antiviral prophylaxis to mothers may be a feasible strategy to achieve the 2030 WHO elimination goal.