Sustainable rural development is predicated on a delicate balance between rural territorial functions and eco-logical constraints.While various functions can catalyze economic growth in rural settings,aligning them wi...Sustainable rural development is predicated on a delicate balance between rural territorial functions and eco-logical constraints.While various functions can catalyze economic growth in rural settings,aligning them with inherent ecological variables is essential.An exhaustive analysis of Beijing’s Pinggu District elucidated specific supply-demand thresholds and evaluated the adaptability of current utilization within these boundaries,culmi-nating in a novel optimization strategy.Notably,while locals place significant emphasis on production functions,the area’s topography and soil characteristics present palpable challenges to achieving these goals.We discov-ered that‘shackle type’predominantly characterize individual rural territorial functions,while‘diversified weak function optimization type’define multifunctional aspects,showcasing varied development paths and uncov-ering potential strategies for sustainable improvement.This study contributes a groundbreaking perspective to sustainable rural development,offering key insights and strategic recommendations for policy formulation.展开更多
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1)is a rate-limiting metabolic enzyme that converts the essential amino acid tryptophan(Trp)into downstream catabolites known as kynurenines.Coincidently,numerous studies have demonstr...Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1)is a rate-limiting metabolic enzyme that converts the essential amino acid tryptophan(Trp)into downstream catabolites known as kynurenines.Coincidently,numerous studies have demonstrated that IDO1 is highly expressed in multiple types of human cancer.Preclinical studies have further introduced an interesting paradox:while single-agent treatment with IDO1 enzyme inhibitor has a negligible effect on decreasing the established cancer burden,approaches combining select therapies with IDO1 blockade tend to yield a synergistic benefit against tumor growth and/or animal subject survival.Given the high expression of IDO1 among multiple cancer types along with the lack of monotherapeutic efficacy,these data suggest that there is a more complex mechanism of action than previously appreciated.Similar to the dual faces of the astrological Gemini,we highlight the multiple roles of IDO1 and review its canonical association with IDO1-dependent tryptophan metabolism,as well as documented evidence confirming the dispensability of enzyme activity for its immunosuppressive effects.The gene transcript levels for IDO1 highlight its strong association with T-cell infiltration,but the lack of a universal prognostic significance among all cancer subtypes.Finally,ongoing clinical trials are discussed with consideration of IDO1-targeting strategies that enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer patients。展开更多
Pancreatic cancer-related pain(PCRP)gains widespread attention for its high prevalence,extreme complexity,poor prognosis,and decreased survival rate.Current treatment of PCRP remains unsatisfactory since the underlyin...Pancreatic cancer-related pain(PCRP)gains widespread attention for its high prevalence,extreme complexity,poor prognosis,and decreased survival rate.Current treatment of PCRP remains unsatisfactory since the underlying mechanism is not clear.The occurrence of PCRP is mainly related to the neurotropic nature of pancreatic cancer,and perineural invasion,neural remodeling and plasticity play important roles.Upon the understanding of PCRP mechanism,the management of PCRP is a multidisciplinary and multifaceted strategy.Traditional pain medications,invasive or intervention treatment,psychological support,integrative therapy,and palliative care are all the potential aspects for the management of PCRP.展开更多
基金funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.42077434,41771560)the Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.2023).
文摘Sustainable rural development is predicated on a delicate balance between rural territorial functions and eco-logical constraints.While various functions can catalyze economic growth in rural settings,aligning them with inherent ecological variables is essential.An exhaustive analysis of Beijing’s Pinggu District elucidated specific supply-demand thresholds and evaluated the adaptability of current utilization within these boundaries,culmi-nating in a novel optimization strategy.Notably,while locals place significant emphasis on production functions,the area’s topography and soil characteristics present palpable challenges to achieving these goals.We discov-ered that‘shackle type’predominantly characterize individual rural territorial functions,while‘diversified weak function optimization type’define multifunctional aspects,showcasing varied development paths and uncov-ering potential strategies for sustainable improvement.This study contributes a groundbreaking perspective to sustainable rural development,offering key insights and strategic recommendations for policy formulation.
基金supported by NIH grants R00 NS082381(DAW)and R01 NS097851-01(DAW)the Cancer Research Institute—Clinic and Laboratory Integration Program(DAW)+1 种基金the Robert H.Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center—Zell Scholar Program of the Zell Family Foundation Gift(DAW)the Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute.
文摘Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1)is a rate-limiting metabolic enzyme that converts the essential amino acid tryptophan(Trp)into downstream catabolites known as kynurenines.Coincidently,numerous studies have demonstrated that IDO1 is highly expressed in multiple types of human cancer.Preclinical studies have further introduced an interesting paradox:while single-agent treatment with IDO1 enzyme inhibitor has a negligible effect on decreasing the established cancer burden,approaches combining select therapies with IDO1 blockade tend to yield a synergistic benefit against tumor growth and/or animal subject survival.Given the high expression of IDO1 among multiple cancer types along with the lack of monotherapeutic efficacy,these data suggest that there is a more complex mechanism of action than previously appreciated.Similar to the dual faces of the astrological Gemini,we highlight the multiple roles of IDO1 and review its canonical association with IDO1-dependent tryptophan metabolism,as well as documented evidence confirming the dispensability of enzyme activity for its immunosuppressive effects.The gene transcript levels for IDO1 highlight its strong association with T-cell infiltration,but the lack of a universal prognostic significance among all cancer subtypes.Finally,ongoing clinical trials are discussed with consideration of IDO1-targeting strategies that enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer patients。
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-B-007 and 2022-PUMCH-A-147).
文摘Pancreatic cancer-related pain(PCRP)gains widespread attention for its high prevalence,extreme complexity,poor prognosis,and decreased survival rate.Current treatment of PCRP remains unsatisfactory since the underlying mechanism is not clear.The occurrence of PCRP is mainly related to the neurotropic nature of pancreatic cancer,and perineural invasion,neural remodeling and plasticity play important roles.Upon the understanding of PCRP mechanism,the management of PCRP is a multidisciplinary and multifaceted strategy.Traditional pain medications,invasive or intervention treatment,psychological support,integrative therapy,and palliative care are all the potential aspects for the management of PCRP.
