Rhytisma Fr.is the type genus of Rhytismataceae(Rhytismatales,Leotiomycetes,Ascomycota).Rhytisma-like species include members of Cryptomyces,Rhytisma and Vladracula.They are parasites on leaves of broadleaf trees and ...Rhytisma Fr.is the type genus of Rhytismataceae(Rhytismatales,Leotiomycetes,Ascomycota).Rhytisma-like species include members of Cryptomyces,Rhytisma and Vladracula.They are parasites on leaves of broadleaf trees and cause tar spot diseases.In this study,a phylogeny based on the large subunit of the ribosomal rRNA gene(nrLSU)and the mitochondrial small subunit(mtSSU)is presented,including sequences of 39 newly collected specimens from East Asia,Europe,and temperate as well as tropical America.Based on analyses of morphology,phylogeny as well as host-specificity and diversification time estimates,the family Rhytismataceae sensu stricto is proposed,and eight genera are accepted in this narrow family,including four novel genera(Densorhytisma,Fanglania,Johnstoniella and Shiqia),the type genus Rhytisma,and the reinstated genera Lophodermina,Placuntium and Xyloma.Lophodermina clusters within the main Rhytisma clade in our analyses,but is divergent in morphological terms,not having large compound stromata.Thirty species are recognized,including seven novel species(Fanglania hubeiensis,F.parasitica,Johnstoniella yunnanensis,Rhytisma japonicum,Rh.taiwanense,Xyloma globosum,and X.shennongjiaense),fifteen new combinations(Densorhytisma anhuiense,D.huangshanense,F.concova,F.himalensis,F.ilicis-integrae,F.ilicis-latifoliae,F.ilicis-pedunculosae,J.lonicerae,Rh.annuliforme,Shiqia menziesii,S.yuexiensis,X.filamentosum,X.maximum,X.muelleri,and X.polare),one new name(J.xylostei),seven known species(Lophodermina melaleuca,Placuntium andromedae,Rhytisma acerinum,Rh.americanum,Rh.punctatum,X.salicinum,and X.umbonatum).In addition,seven immature specimens were studied but not assigned to existing species,herein referred to as Fanglania sp.1,Johnstoniella sp.1,Johnstoniella sp.2,Placuntium sp.1,Placuntium sp.2,Rhytisma sp.1,and Xyloma sp.1.The systematic positions of Cryptomyces maximus,Cr.muelleri and Vladracula annuliformis are re-assigned based on phylogenetic analysis.One Rhytisma-like species from tropical America was segregated from Rhytismataceae s.str.,thus a novel genus Neorhytisma was established to accommodate this species,with the one new combinations Neorhytisma panamense.The results of the molecular phylogenetic analysis indicate that Rhytisma-like species are host-specific at genus level.Apparently,Rhytisma-like species coevolved with their hosts,and Rhytisma-like species on Ericaceae seem to be in the process of host jumping.Morphological characteristics of ascomata are important for the delimitation of species and genera of Rhytisma-like species.This study provides a key to genera and species of recognized Rhytisma-like species worldwide.展开更多
Three new species of Meliolaceae,Appendiculella monsterae on Monstera deliciosa(Araceae),Asteridiella nitidae on Buddleja nitida(Scrophulariaceae),and Irenopsis chrysophylli on Chrysophyllum sp.(Sapotaceae),are descri...Three new species of Meliolaceae,Appendiculella monsterae on Monstera deliciosa(Araceae),Asteridiella nitidae on Buddleja nitida(Scrophulariaceae),and Irenopsis chrysophylli on Chrysophyllum sp.(Sapotaceae),are described based on material collected in Panama.Eighteen species of Meliolaceae are reported for the first time for Panama,which include four first records for the Americas,viz.Ast.formosensis,Meliola indica,and M.pisoniae,previously known only from Asia,and M.dissotidis hitherto known only from Africa.Six species of plants are cited as hosts for meliolaceous fungi for the first time.In a phylogenetic hypothesis based on 28S nrDNA sequences,the position of Meliolales,including Appendiculella,Asteridiella,Endomeliola,Irenopsis,and Meliola,is found to be basal to Sordariomycetidae,Hypocreomycetidae,and Xylariomycetidae within Sordariomycetes.The five genera of Meliolaceae form a strongly supported clade.We suggest adopting the concept of the subclass Meliolomycetidae.The monophyly of Asteridiella cannot be confirmed.A hypothetical close relationship between Asteridiella and Appendiculella is not supported,but Endomeliola appears closely related to a species of Asteridiella.Two Meliola species on the same host family are closely related.展开更多
Fungi are highly important biotic components of terrestrial ecosystems,but we still have a very limited understanding about their diversity and distribution.This data article releases a global soil fungal dataset of t...Fungi are highly important biotic components of terrestrial ecosystems,but we still have a very limited understanding about their diversity and distribution.This data article releases a global soil fungal dataset of the Global Soil Mycobiome consortium(GSMc)to boost further research in fungal diversity,biogeography and macroecology.The dataset comprises 722,682 fungal operational taxonomic units(OTUs)derived from PacBio sequencing of full-length ITS and 18S-V9 variable regions from 3200 plots in 108 countries on all continents.The plots are supplied with geographical and edaphic metadata.The OTUs are taxonomically and functionally assigned to guilds and other functional groups.The entire dataset has been corrected by excluding chimeras,index-switch artefacts and potential contamination.The dataset is more inclusive in terms of geographical breadth and phylogenetic diversity of fungi than previously published data.The GSMc dataset is available over the PlutoF repository.展开更多
The order Asterinales comprises a single family,Asterinaceae.In this study,types or specimens of 41 genera of Asterinaceae are re-examined and re-described and illustrated by micrographs.Seventeen genera,namely Asteri...The order Asterinales comprises a single family,Asterinaceae.In this study,types or specimens of 41 genera of Asterinaceae are re-examined and re-described and illustrated by micrographs.Seventeen genera,namely Asterina(type genus),Asterinella,Asterotexis,Batistinula,Cirsosia,Echidnodella,Halbania,Lembosia,Meliolaster,Parasterinopsis,Platypeltella,Prillieuxina,Schenckiella(=Allothyrium),Trichasterina,Trichopeltospora,Uleothyrium and Vizellopsis,are maintained within Asterinaceae.Echidnodes,Lembosiella,Lembosina,Morenoina,and Thyriopsi s are transferred to Aulographaceae based on morphological and molecular characteristics.Anariste is transferred to Micropeltidaceae,while Lembosiopsis is transferred to Mycosphaerellaceae.Placoasterella and Placosoma are morphologically close to taxa in Parmulariaceae,where they are transferred.Aulographina is placed in Teratosphaeriaceae,while Asterodothis,Asterinema,Dothidasteromella,Leveillella,Petrakina and Stephanotheca are transferred to Dothideomycetes,genera incertae sedis.Eupelte,Macowaniella,Maheshwaramyces,Parasterinella,and Vishnumyces are treated as doubtful genera,because of lack of morphological and molecular data.Aphanopeltis,Asterolibertia,Neostomella,Placoasterina,and Symphaster are synonyms of Asterina based on morphology,while Trichamelia,Viegasia,and Yamamotoa are synonyms of Lembosia.The characteristics of each family are discussed and a phylogenetic tree is included.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31870629 and 32270012)。
文摘Rhytisma Fr.is the type genus of Rhytismataceae(Rhytismatales,Leotiomycetes,Ascomycota).Rhytisma-like species include members of Cryptomyces,Rhytisma and Vladracula.They are parasites on leaves of broadleaf trees and cause tar spot diseases.In this study,a phylogeny based on the large subunit of the ribosomal rRNA gene(nrLSU)and the mitochondrial small subunit(mtSSU)is presented,including sequences of 39 newly collected specimens from East Asia,Europe,and temperate as well as tropical America.Based on analyses of morphology,phylogeny as well as host-specificity and diversification time estimates,the family Rhytismataceae sensu stricto is proposed,and eight genera are accepted in this narrow family,including four novel genera(Densorhytisma,Fanglania,Johnstoniella and Shiqia),the type genus Rhytisma,and the reinstated genera Lophodermina,Placuntium and Xyloma.Lophodermina clusters within the main Rhytisma clade in our analyses,but is divergent in morphological terms,not having large compound stromata.Thirty species are recognized,including seven novel species(Fanglania hubeiensis,F.parasitica,Johnstoniella yunnanensis,Rhytisma japonicum,Rh.taiwanense,Xyloma globosum,and X.shennongjiaense),fifteen new combinations(Densorhytisma anhuiense,D.huangshanense,F.concova,F.himalensis,F.ilicis-integrae,F.ilicis-latifoliae,F.ilicis-pedunculosae,J.lonicerae,Rh.annuliforme,Shiqia menziesii,S.yuexiensis,X.filamentosum,X.maximum,X.muelleri,and X.polare),one new name(J.xylostei),seven known species(Lophodermina melaleuca,Placuntium andromedae,Rhytisma acerinum,Rh.americanum,Rh.punctatum,X.salicinum,and X.umbonatum).In addition,seven immature specimens were studied but not assigned to existing species,herein referred to as Fanglania sp.1,Johnstoniella sp.1,Johnstoniella sp.2,Placuntium sp.1,Placuntium sp.2,Rhytisma sp.1,and Xyloma sp.1.The systematic positions of Cryptomyces maximus,Cr.muelleri and Vladracula annuliformis are re-assigned based on phylogenetic analysis.One Rhytisma-like species from tropical America was segregated from Rhytismataceae s.str.,thus a novel genus Neorhytisma was established to accommodate this species,with the one new combinations Neorhytisma panamense.The results of the molecular phylogenetic analysis indicate that Rhytisma-like species are host-specific at genus level.Apparently,Rhytisma-like species coevolved with their hosts,and Rhytisma-like species on Ericaceae seem to be in the process of host jumping.Morphological characteristics of ascomata are important for the delimitation of species and genera of Rhytisma-like species.This study provides a key to genera and species of recognized Rhytisma-like species worldwide.
文摘Three new species of Meliolaceae,Appendiculella monsterae on Monstera deliciosa(Araceae),Asteridiella nitidae on Buddleja nitida(Scrophulariaceae),and Irenopsis chrysophylli on Chrysophyllum sp.(Sapotaceae),are described based on material collected in Panama.Eighteen species of Meliolaceae are reported for the first time for Panama,which include four first records for the Americas,viz.Ast.formosensis,Meliola indica,and M.pisoniae,previously known only from Asia,and M.dissotidis hitherto known only from Africa.Six species of plants are cited as hosts for meliolaceous fungi for the first time.In a phylogenetic hypothesis based on 28S nrDNA sequences,the position of Meliolales,including Appendiculella,Asteridiella,Endomeliola,Irenopsis,and Meliola,is found to be basal to Sordariomycetidae,Hypocreomycetidae,and Xylariomycetidae within Sordariomycetes.The five genera of Meliolaceae form a strongly supported clade.We suggest adopting the concept of the subclass Meliolomycetidae.The monophyly of Asteridiella cannot be confirmed.A hypothetical close relationship between Asteridiella and Appendiculella is not supported,but Endomeliola appears closely related to a species of Asteridiella.Two Meliola species on the same host family are closely related.
基金the Estonian Science Foundation(Grant Nos.PRG632,PSG136,MOBTP198,PUT1170)Norway-Baltic EEA financial mechanism(Grant No.EMP442)RSF19-14-00038,DSFP-2021 and Novo Nordisk Fonden(Silva Nova).
文摘Fungi are highly important biotic components of terrestrial ecosystems,but we still have a very limited understanding about their diversity and distribution.This data article releases a global soil fungal dataset of the Global Soil Mycobiome consortium(GSMc)to boost further research in fungal diversity,biogeography and macroecology.The dataset comprises 722,682 fungal operational taxonomic units(OTUs)derived from PacBio sequencing of full-length ITS and 18S-V9 variable regions from 3200 plots in 108 countries on all continents.The plots are supplied with geographical and edaphic metadata.The OTUs are taxonomically and functionally assigned to guilds and other functional groups.The entire dataset has been corrected by excluding chimeras,index-switch artefacts and potential contamination.The dataset is more inclusive in terms of geographical breadth and phylogenetic diversity of fungi than previously published data.The GSMc dataset is available over the PlutoF repository.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences,project number 2013T2S0030,for the award of Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists at Kunming Institute of Botanya research grant from Mae Fah Luang University,grant number 56101020032 to study Dothideomycetes in Thailand+2 种基金the Biodiversity Research and Training Program(BRTR253012)The Thailand Research Fund(BRG5280002)provided by the Grant for Essential Scientific Research of National Non–profit Institute(no.CAFYBB2007002).
文摘The order Asterinales comprises a single family,Asterinaceae.In this study,types or specimens of 41 genera of Asterinaceae are re-examined and re-described and illustrated by micrographs.Seventeen genera,namely Asterina(type genus),Asterinella,Asterotexis,Batistinula,Cirsosia,Echidnodella,Halbania,Lembosia,Meliolaster,Parasterinopsis,Platypeltella,Prillieuxina,Schenckiella(=Allothyrium),Trichasterina,Trichopeltospora,Uleothyrium and Vizellopsis,are maintained within Asterinaceae.Echidnodes,Lembosiella,Lembosina,Morenoina,and Thyriopsi s are transferred to Aulographaceae based on morphological and molecular characteristics.Anariste is transferred to Micropeltidaceae,while Lembosiopsis is transferred to Mycosphaerellaceae.Placoasterella and Placosoma are morphologically close to taxa in Parmulariaceae,where they are transferred.Aulographina is placed in Teratosphaeriaceae,while Asterodothis,Asterinema,Dothidasteromella,Leveillella,Petrakina and Stephanotheca are transferred to Dothideomycetes,genera incertae sedis.Eupelte,Macowaniella,Maheshwaramyces,Parasterinella,and Vishnumyces are treated as doubtful genera,because of lack of morphological and molecular data.Aphanopeltis,Asterolibertia,Neostomella,Placoasterina,and Symphaster are synonyms of Asterina based on morphology,while Trichamelia,Viegasia,and Yamamotoa are synonyms of Lembosia.The characteristics of each family are discussed and a phylogenetic tree is included.