Functions of Müller cell-derived vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic retinopathy

Müller cells are macroglia and play many essential roles as supporting cells in the retina.To respond to pathological changes in diabetic retinopathy(DR),a major complication in the eye of diabetic patients,retinal Müller glia produce a high level of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF or VEGF-A).As VEGF is expressed by multiple retinal cell-types and Müller glia comprise only a small portion of cells in the retina,it has been a great challenge to reveal the function of VEGF or other globally expressed proteins produced by Müller cells.With the development of conditional gene targeting tools,it is now possible to dissect the function of Müller cell-derived VEGF in vivo.By using conditional gene targeting approach,we demonstrate that Müller glia are a major source of retinal VEGF in diabetic mice and Müller cell-derived VEGF plays a significant role in the alteration of protein expression and peroxynitration,which leads to retinal inflammation,neovascularization,vascular leakage,and vascular lesion,key pathological changes in DR.Therefore,Müller glia are a potential cellular target for the treatment of DR,a leading cause of blindness.

中国省域经济高质量发展评价及不平衡测算研究

本文基于省级面板数据,从创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享五大发展理念内涵出发,建立评价指标体系,对中国省域经济高质量发展现状以及不平衡程度进行测算。本文的研究发现:(1)2013-2018年中国总体经济高质量发展水平显著提升,其中,创新发展与共享发展增长幅度较大;(2)东部省份经济高质量发展水平较高,而中西部省份体现出更强的增长势头;(3)我国经济高质量发展不平衡程度有所降低,但是省域之间的创新和开放发展水平差距拉大,促增了总体不平衡程度。对此,本文提出因地制宜充分挖掘地区优势、加大创新投入力度、强化区域协调战略、加快构建绿色低碳循环发展经济体系、深化开放发展、补齐民生短板等经济高质量发展的政策建议。