TiO_2 nanoparticle-based electron transport layer with improved wettability for efficient planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cell

The electron transport layer(ETL) plays an important role in planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell(PSCs),by affecting the light-harvesting, electron injection and transportation processes, and especially the crystallization of perovskite absorber. In this work, we utilized a commercial TKD-TiO_2 nanoparticle with a small diameter of 6 nm for the first time to prepare a compact ETL by spin coating. The packing of small-size particles endowed TKD-TiO_2 ETL an appropriate surface-wettability, which is beneficial to the crystallization of perovskite deposited via solution-processed method. The uniform and high-transmittance TKD-TiO_2 films were successfully incorporated into PSCs as ETLs. Further careful optimization of ETL thickness gave birth to a highest power conversion efficiency of 11.0%, which was much higher than that of PSC using an ETL with the same thickness made by spray pyrolysis. This TKD-TiO_2 provided a universal solar material suitable for the further large-scale production of PSCs. The excellent morphology and the convenient preparation method of TKD-TiO_2 film gave it an extensive application in photovoltaic devices.

A review on nutritional advantages of edible mushrooms and its industrialization development situation in protein meat analogues

Animal meat is one of the major,high-quality protein sources in human food.The rapid economic development is accompanied by increasing demand for meat,which puts pressure on the global meat supply but also gives room for the development of the meat substitute market.Edible mushrooms are high in protein,rich in nutrients,and do not require large amounts of land for cultivation,making them an ideal raw material for the production of meat analogues.This paper introduces the nutritional properties of edible mushrooms from 4 perspectives:nutrients,active ingredients,allergens and flavor-presenting substances,and summarizes their unique nutritional advantages by comparing them with animal meat and plant-based meat analogue,and finally analyzes the industrialization development situation of edible mushroom protein meat analogues in China and abroad.In conclusion,edible mushrooms are very suitable for making meat analogues and are expected to become another major raw material after beans,cereals and other plant-based meat raw materials.The edible mushroom industry will have a promising future.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Suicidal Behaviors Among Community-Dwelling Individuals with Serious Mental Disorders—Shandong Province,China,2022

Summary What is already known about this topic?Serious mental disorders(SMD)are significant risk factors for suicide,and individuals with SMD are crucial target populations for suicide prevention efforts.While numerous studies have examined the prevalence of suicidal behaviors among psychiatric inpatients,fewer reports have addressed the occurrence of such behaviors in community-based patients.What is added by this report?The prevalence of suicidal ideation,planning,and attempts among community-dwelling individuals with SMD was found to be 36.8%,17.9%,and 15.0%,respectively.A significant association was observed between the severity of psychiatric symptoms and the presence of suicidal behaviors.Notably,patients within the 55–59 age range demonstrated the highest rates of both suicidal planning and attempts.What are the implications for public health practice?Particular attention to the risk of suicide is crucial,especially for community-dwelling individuals with SMD of middle age,those with religious beliefs,living alone,and exhibiting more severe depressive and psychiatric symptoms.

Global,regional and national burdens of bipolar disorders in adolescents and young adults:a trend analysis from 1990 to 2019

Background Bipolar disorder is identified as a cause of severe damage to the physical,psychological and social functioning of adolescents and young adults.Aims The aim of this study is to ascertain the trends in the burden of bipolar disorder among individuals aged 10-24 years at global,regional and national levels from 1990 to 2019.Methods The data analysed in this study were from the Global Burden of Diseases 2019.The numbers,rates per 100000 population,average annual percentage changes(AAPCs)of incidence,prevalence and years lived with disability(YLDs)of bipolar disorder are reported at the global,regional and national levels among individuals aged 10-24 years.Global trends by age,sex and Social Development Index(SDI)were further analysed.Results Globally,the incidence of bipolar disorder among adolescents and young adults increased from 79.21 per 100000 population(95%uncertainty interval(Ul):58.13 to 105.15)in 1990 to 84.97 per 100000 population(95%Ul:61.73 to 113.46)in 2019,AAPC 0.24(95%confidence interval(Cl):0.22 to 0.26).In the past three decades,there has been an increase in incidence,prevalence and YLDs in both males and females.The largest increase in incidence between 1990 and 2019 was observed in those aged 20-24 years old from 51.76 per 100000 population(95%Ul:26.81 to 87.20)in 1990 to 58.37 per 100000 population(95%UI:30.39 to 98.55)in 2019;AAPC 0.42(95%Cl:0.38 to 0.47).By the SDI quintile,the largest increase in incidence was observed in the middle SDl;however,the high SDI countries had the highest incidence.Regionally,the largest increase in incidence was observed in southern Latin America.At the national level,the most pronounced increase in the incidence was in Greenland.Conclusions The global increase in incidence among adolescents and young adults between 1990 and 2019 indicates that strategies to improve their mental health still need to be emphasised.