家长视角下的幼儿园教师家园合作能力

家园合作需要教师与家长双方的参与和配合,家长对教师的角色需求对家园合作效果至关重要。本研究采用行为事件访谈法,对60名3~6岁幼儿的家长进行半结构式访谈,以探讨家长视角下的幼儿园教师家园合作能力结构。结果发现家长认为幼儿园教师应具备支持儿童发展的能力、支持父母的能力及相应的个人品质才有可能做好家园合作工作。支持儿童发展的能力具体包括专业知识、关心能力、观察了解能力、个性化教育能力和问题解决能力。支持父母的能力具体包括课程可视化能力、教养支持能力、信息沟通能力、解读家长类型的能力和计划与组织家长活动的能力。应具备的个人品质具体包括换位思考能力、自我情绪控制、反思与自我发展。幼儿园教师职前培养和职后培训都应关注幼儿园教师家园合作能力的发展,注意让教师对家园合作中教师与家长都特别关注或者容易出现问题的环节进行针对性的学习。

Modulating intestinal mucus barrier for nanoparticles penetration by surfactants

Improving peroral delivery efficiency is always a persistent goal for both small-molecule and macromolecular drug development. However,intestinal mucus barrier which greatly impedes drug-loaded nanoparticles penetration is commonly overlooked. Therefore,in this study,taking fluorescent labeled PLGA(poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) nanoparticles as a tool,the influence of anionic and nonionic surfactants on mucus penetration ability of nanoparticles and their mucus barrier regulating ability were studied. The movement of PLGA nanoparticles in mucus was tracked by multiple particles tracking method(MPT).Alteration of mucus properties by addition of surfactants was evaluated by rheology and morphology study. Rat intestinal villus penetration study was used to further evaluate penetration enhancement of nanoparticles. The effective diffusivities of the nanoparticles in surfactants pretreated mucus were increased by 2–3 times and the mucus barrier regulating capacity was also surfactant type dependent. Sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) increased the complex viscosity and viscoelastic properties of mucus,but poloxamer presented a decreased trend. Tween 80 maintained the rheological property of the mucus. With the mucus barrier regulated by surfactants,the penetration of nanoparticles in intestinal villus was obviously increased. In summary,the mucus penetration ability of nanoparticles could be enhanced by altering mucus microenvironment with surfactants. Tween 80 which largely retains the original mucus rheology and morphology properties may be a promising candidate for facilitating nanoparticle penetration through the mucus barrier with good safety profile.

长链非编码RNA在肿瘤中的研究(英文)

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs), gradually being paid attention to, have been found playing a critical role in regulation of cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis, what is more, accumulating evidence indicates that lncRNAs also play a critical role in regulation of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Here, we will summarize the recent researches about some lncRNAs in the development of cancers, hoping to give a new view about the study in the mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression.

The Research on Neutral Grounding Scheme of Fengxian 35kV and 10 kV Power Grid

Combined with actual situation of Fengxian power Supply Company, the neutral grounding modes of Fengxian 35 kV and 10 kV power grid are studied in the paper. The different frequencies injected method is used to measure the capacitive current of Fengxian 28 substations, and the neutral grounding modes of the 28 substations are determined based on the measured values of capacitive current.

Significant variations in alternative splicing patterns and expression profiles between human-mouse orthologs in early embryos

Human and mouse orthologs are expected to have similar biological functions; however, many discrepancies have also been reported. We systematically compared human and mouse orthologs in terms of alternative splicing patterns and expression profiles. Human-mouse orthologs are divergent in alternative splicing, as human orthologs could generally encode more isoforms than their mouse orthologs. In early embryos, exon skipping is far more common with human orthologs, whereas constitutive exons are more prevalent with mouse orthologs. This may correlate with divergence in expression of splicing regulators. Orthologous expression similarities are different in distinct embryonic stages, with the highest in morula. Expression differences for orthologous transcription factor genes could play an important role in orthologous expression discordance. We further detected largely orthologous divergence in differential expression between distinct embryonic stages. Collectively, our study uncovers significant orthologous divergence from multiple aspects, which may result in functional differences and dynamics between human-mouse orthologs during embryonic development.

Resorptions of 10 mineral elements in leaves of desert shrubs and their contrasting responses to aridity

Aims We aim to investigate variations in the resorption efficiencies of 10 mineral nutrients[i.e.nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),magnesium(Mg),calcium(Ca),manganese(Mn),zinc(Zn),alu-minum(Al),iron(Fe)and copper(Cu)]in leaves of desert shrubs and to explore effects of aridity on resorption efficiency of these nutrients.Methods Plant samples were collected from 10 sites in northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.Samples of green and senesced leaves were analysed to determine concentrations of N,P,K,Mg,Ca,Mn,Zn,Al,Fe and Cu and thus the nutrient resorption efficiency.Important Findings The mean nutrient concentrations in the desert shrubs varied,with the stoichiometric ratio Ca:N(19.3 mg g−1):K(10.5 mg g−1):Mg:P(1.01 mg g−1):Al:Fe:Mn:Zn:Cu(4.78 mg kg−1)=4038:2950:2199:1816:211:37:32:11:2:1 in green leaves;and Ca:N(12.6 mg g−1):Mg:K(7.6 mg g−1):P(0.56 mg g−1):Fe:Al:Mn:Zn:Cu(2.85 mg kg−1)=5583:3710:2943:2523:178:133:119:19:3.7:1 in senesced leaves.Resorption generally occurred for six elements(N,P,K,Cu,Mg and Mn,with average resorption efficiency 47.8%,52.0%,38.6%,41.0%,12.7%and 7.89%,respectively)during leaf senescence,while the other four nutrients tended to accumulate in senesced leaves,showing averagely negative resorption efficiencies[Ca(-3.87%),Al(−57.1%),Zn(−62.6%),Fe(−89.6%)].Aridity showed strikingly different effects on the resorption process of the 10 nutri-ents.Of the four elements with totally(N/P/K)or mostly(Cu)posi-tive observations of resorption efficiency,their resorption generally decreased with aridity,suggesting that drought stress had negative effects on the resorption efficiencies of these elements.In contrast,with at least one-third observations of resorption efficiency being negative,the other elements(Mg/Mn/Ca/Zn/Al/Fe)showed gener-ally increasing resorptive tendency with aridity,except for Zn.This research provided a systematic analysis on the large variation and contrasting responses of the resorption of multi-elements to aridity in typical desert shrubs.Our findings foster the understanding of nutrient resorption patterns of desert plants and enable us to better predict the contrastive effects of drought stress on the cycling of diverse nutrients and the consequent stoichiometric decoupling in plants of desert ecosystems.

EyeHealer:A large-scale anterior eye segment dataset with eye structure and lesion annotations

Anterior segment eye diseases account for a significant proportion of presentations to eye clinics worldwide,including diseases associated with corneal pathologies,anterior chamber abnormalities(e.g.blood or inflammation),and lens diseases.The construction of an automatic tool for segmentation of anterior segment eye lesions would greatly improve the efficiency of clinical care.With research on artificial intelligence progressing in recent years,deep learning models have shown their superiority in image classification and segmentation.The training and evaluation of deep learning models should be based on a large amount of data annotated with expertise;however,such data are relatively scarce in the domain of medicine.Herein,the authors developed a new medical image annotation system,called EyeHealer.It is a large-scale anterior eye segment dataset with both eye structures and lesions annotated at the pixel level.Comprehensive experiments were conducted to verify its performance in disease classification and eye lesion segmentation.The results showed that semantic segmentation models outperformed medical segmentation models.This paper describes the establishment of the system for automated classification and segmentation tasks.The dataset will be made publicly available to encourage future research in this area.

植物叶片养分重吸收效率的质量损失校正

养分重吸收是植物保持养分的关键机制,但以往多数研究未考虑叶片衰老过程中的质量损失,低估了植物的叶片养分重吸收效率(NuRE);或只能基于文献中植物功能群水平的平均质量损失,校正所研究的不同物种的叶片NuRE,从而影响了该参数的精确性。本研究通过采集中国北方地区35种常见木本植物的绿色叶片和凋落叶片样本,测量绿色叶片和凋落叶片的质量,计算了叶片衰老过程中的质量损失,并给出了这些物种凋落叶片的质量损失校正系数(MLCF)。总体而言,植物凋落叶片的质量比成熟绿色叶片平均损失17%,物种水平质量损失变化范围为1.3%–36.8%,功能群水平为11.7%–19.6%。相应地,这35种木本植物的凋落叶片的MLCF值平均为0.832,变化范围为0.632–0.987。与校正前相比,用MLCF校正后的NuRE总体上显著增加。例如,校正后氮和磷的平均NuRE皆增高约9%,即比其校正前(低估)更接近真实值;当植物NuRE较低时,这种校正作用(改善)表现得尤为明显。本研究基于物种水平的野外实测数据,报道了中国北方部分常见木本植物的MLCF参考值,研究结果将有助于更准确地计算此类植物的养分重吸收效率,提升本地区植物-土壤系统中养分流通评估的精准度。

Mutation spectrum in GNAQ and GNA11 in Chinese uveal melanoma

Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular cancer in the adult eye.R183 and Q209 were found to be mutational hotspots in exon 4 and exon 5 of GNAQ and GNA11 in Caucasians.However,only a few studies have reported somaticmutations in GNAQ or GNA11 in uveal melanoma in Chinese.We extracted somatic DNA from paraffin-embedded biopsies of 63 Chinese uveal melanoma samples and sequenced the entire coding regions of exons 4 and 5 in GNAQ and GNA11.The results showed that 33%of Chinese uveal melanoma samples carried Q209 mutations while none had R183 mutation in GNAQ or GNA11.In addition,seven novel missense somatic mutations in GNAQ(Y192C,F194L,P170S,D236N,L232F,V230A,and M227I)and four novel missense somatic mutations in GNA11(R166C,I200T,S225F,and V206M)were found in our study.The high mutation frequency of Q209 and the novel missense mutations detected in this study suggest that GNAQ and GNA11 are common targets for somatic mutations in Chinese uveal melanoma.