A“T.E.S.T.”hydrogel bioadhesive assisted by corneal cross-linking for in situ sutureless corneal repair

Corneal transplantation is an effective clinical treatment for corneal diseases,which,however,is limited by donor corneas.It is of great clinical value to develop bioadhesive corneal patches with functions of“Transparency”and“Epithelium&Stroma generation”,as well as“Suturelessness”and“Toughness”.To simultaneously meet the“T.E.S.T.”requirements,a light-curable hydrogel is designed based on methacryloylated gelatin(GelMA),Pluronic F127 diacrylate(F127DA)&Aldehyded Pluronic F127(AF127)co-assembled bi-functional micelles and collagen type I(COL I),combined with clinically applied corneal cross-linking(CXL)technology for repairing damaged cornea.The patch formed after 5 min of ultraviolet irradiation possesses transparent,highly tough,and strongly bio-adhesive performance.Multiple cross-linking makes the patch withstand deformation near 600%and exhibit a burst pressure larger than 400 mmHg,significantly higher than normal intraocular pressure(10-21 mmHg).Besides,the slower degradation than GelMA-F127DA&AF127 hydrogel without COL I makes hydrogel patch stable on stromal beds in vivo,supporting the regrowth of corneal epithelium and stroma.The hydrogel patch can replace deep corneal stromal defects and well bio-integrate into the corneal tissue in rabbit models within 4 weeks,showing great potential in surgeries for keratoconus and other corneal diseases by combining with CXL.

Impact of ablation ratio on 5-year postoperative posterior corneal stability after refractive surgery:SMILE and FS-LASIK

Background:To investigate the impact of the ablation ratio on 5-year postoperative posterior corneal stability in myopic eyes after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)surgery.Methods:A prospective,nonrandomized,cohort study:80 eyes of 43 patients underwent SMILE surgery and 63 eyes of 32 patients underwent FS-LASIK surgery at the EYE&ENT Hospital,Fudan University.Ablation ratio Was defined as lenticule thickness(SMILE cases)or ablation depth(FS-LASIK cases)divided by central corneal thickness(CCT).Posterior corneal elevation changes were recorded as posterior central elevation(PCE),posterior corneal surface at thinnest point(PTE)and posterior corneal mean elevation(PME).Patients were followed up at 6-month and 5-year intervals to investigate the impact of the ablation ratio on posterior corneal elevation after SMILE and FS-LASIK surgery.Results:PCE dropped at the 6-month follow-up for both SMILE(decreased by-1.11±2.93μm,P<0.05)and FSLASIK groups(decreased by-0.46±3.72μm,P<0.05).PTE also dropped in SMILE(reduced by-2.04±3.02μm,P<0.05)and FS-LASIK group(reduced by-1.28±4.21μm,P<0.05)at the 6-month follow-up.Stable PCE(elevation change:SMILE-0.28±4.03μm;FS-LASIK 0.79±4.13μm,P>0.05)and PTE(elevation change:SMILE-0.08±4.28μm;FS-LASIK 1.42±3.85μm,P>0.05)for both groups were recorded at the 5-year follow-up compared to the 6-month visit.Ablation ratio was strongly correlated with 5-year postoperative PCE(β=2.68±1.05,P<0.01)and PTE(β=2.35±1.17,P<0.05).Cut-off value raised for 5-year postoperative PCE and PTE was 27.3%and 27.1%,respectively.Conclusions:Ablation ratio was strongly correlated with postoperative posterior corneal elevation in a 5-year follow-up in both SMILE and FS-LASIK groups.PCE and PTE underwent slight backward displacement 6 months postoperatively and remain stable at the 5-year follow-up.Threshold of the ablation ratio for resisting forward displacement of posterior corneal surface Was 27.3%and 27.1%for SMILE and FS-LASIK groups,respectively.

Recent advances in small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)-derived refractive lenticule preservation and clinical reuse

Small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)has become one of the mainstream refractive surgeries in recent years,with satisfactory efficacy,safety,and predictability.SMILE-derived refractive lenticule,the byproduct of the surgery,holds great potential in clinical practice given its easy access and good biocompatibility.Numerous studies have been published to describe its applications in refractive correction,corneal ectasia diseases,and corneal defects.The feasibility and safety were validated in both animal models and clinical studies.Moreover,the preservation method is also crucial for its further promotion and application.Novel techniques are also evaluated and applied in lenticule preservation.We covered the recent advances in the preservation of corneal stromal lenticules and their clinical reuse in this review.

Accurate prediction of myopic progression and high myopia by machine learning

Background Myopia is a leading cause of visual impairment in Asia and worldwide.However,accurately predicting the progression of myopia and the high risk of myopia remains a challenge.This study aims to develop a predictive model for the development of myopia.Methods We first retrospectively gathered 612530 medical records from five independent cohorts,encompassing 227543 patients ranging from infants to young adults.Subsequently,we developed a multivariate linear regression algorithm model to predict the progression of myopia and the risk of high myopia.Result The model to predict the progression of myopia achieved an R^(2) value of 0.964 vs a mean absolute error(MAE)of 0.119D[95%confidence interval(CI):0.119,1.146]in the internal validation set.It demonstrated strong generalizability,maintaining consistent performance across external validation sets:R^(2)=0.950 vs MAE=0.119D(95%CI:0.119,1.136)in validation study 1,R^(2)=0.950 vs MAE=0.121D(95%CI:0.121,1.144)in validation study 2,and R^(2)=0.806 vs MAE=−0.066D(95%CI:−0.066,0.569)in the Shanghai Children Myopia Study.In the Beijing Children Eye Study,the model achieved an R^(2) of 0.749 vs a MAE of 0.178D(95%CI:0.178,1.557).The model to predict the risk of high myopia achieved an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.99 in the internal validation set and consistently high area under the curve values of 0.99,0.99,0.96 and 0.99 in the respective external validation sets.Conclusion Our study demonstrates accurate prediction of myopia progression and risk of high myopia providing valuable insights for tailoring strategies to personalize and optimize the clinical management of myopia in children.

Impact of ablation ratio on 5-year postoperative posterior corneal stability after refractive surgery:SMILE and FS-LASIK

Background:To investigate the impact of the ablation ratio on 5-year postoperative posterior corneal stability in myopic eyes after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)surgery.Methods:A prospective,nonrandomized,cohort study:80 eyes of 43 patients underwent SMILE surgery and 63 eyes of 32 patients underwent FS-LASIK surgery at the EYE&ENT Hospital,Fudan University.Ablation ratio was defined as lenticule thickness(SMILE cases)or ablation depth(FS-LASIK cases)divided by central corneal thickness(CCT).Posterior corneal elevation changes were recorded as posterior central elevation(PCE),posterior corneal surface at thinnest point(PTE)and posterior corneal mean elevation(PME).Patients were followed up at 6-month and 5-year interval to investigate the impact of the ablation ratio on posterior corneal elevation after SMILE and FSLASIK surgery.Results:PCE dropped at the 6-month follow-up for both SMILE(decreased by−1.11±2.93μm,P<0.05)and FSLASIK groups(decreased by−0.46±3.72μm,P<0.05).PTE also dropped in SMILE(reduced by−2.04±3.02μm,P<0.05)and FS-LASIK group(reduced by−1.28±4.21μm,P<0.05)at the 6-month follow-up.Stable PCE(elevation change:SMILE−0.28±4.03μm;FS-LASIK 0.79±4.13μm,P>0.05)and PTE(elevation change:SMILE−0.08±4.28μm;FS-LASIK 1.42±3.85μm,P>0.05)for both groups were recorded at the 5-year follow-up compared to the 6-month visit.Ablation ratio was strongly correlated with 5-year postoperative PCE(β=2.68±1.05,P<0.01)and PTE(β=2.35±1.17,P<0.05).Cut-off value for 5-year postoperative raised PCE and PTE was 27.3 and 27.1%,respectively.Conclusions:Ablation ratio was strongly correlated with postoperative posterior corneal elevation in a 5-year follow-up in both SMILE and FS-LASIK groups.PCE and PTE underwent slight backward displacement 6-month postoperatively and remain stable at the 5-year follow-up.Threshold of the ablation ratio for resisting forward displacement of posterior corneal surface was 27.3 and 27.1%for SMILE and FS-LASIK groups,respectively.

A SMOOTHING TRUST REGION METHOD FOR NCPS BASED ON THE SMOOTHING GENERALIZED FISCHER-BURMEISTER FUNCTION

Based on a reformulation of the complementarity problem as a system of nonsmooth equations by using the generMized Fischer-Burmeister function, a smoothing trust re- gion Mgorithm with line search is proposed for solving general （not necessarily monotone） nonlinear complementarity problems. Global convergence and, under a nonsingularity assumption, local Q-superlinear/Q-quadratic convergence of the algorithm are established. In particular, it is proved that a unit step size is always accepted after a finite number of iterations. Numerical results also confirm the good theoretical properties of our approach.

一株异养型细菌对无机硫化物的降解特性和培养条件优化

畜禽屠宰加工、鱼粉饲料加工等一些食品工业生产过程中会释放出大量的硫化氢恶臭气体,导致周边环境的严重污染。为实现以培养异养型细菌脱除硫化氢气体的目的,取分离到的异养脱硫细菌XJ-2,通过诱变筛选得到一株高效脱硫菌株ZJNB-B3,其脱硫率达97%。基于形态学研究、API 50 CHB生理生化鉴定及16S r RNA基因测序,鉴定该菌为蜡状芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus ZJNB-B3。该菌Gen Bank登录号为MF679650。降解特性研究表明,ZJNB-B3菌株对有毒的硫化物有较高耐受性,耐受上限高达300 mg/L。采用响应面法优化环境因素对菌株降解硫化物效率的影响,得到在最适培养温度30℃下,初始S^2–浓度为211.8 mg/L、初始p H值6.72、接种量为5.04%时,菌株氧化脱硫效果最显著,经过实测在48 h产生的硫酸盐浓度为63.8 mg/L,脱硫率达97.3%。菌株在氧化硫化物时不会产生硫酸抑制菌株的生长,可以在p H值温和的环境条件下脱硫,因此,该菌有较高的工业应用价值。本研究为异养型细菌应用于工业反应器脱除硫化氢恶臭气体提供了小试研究基础。

Occurrence,distribution,and potential influencing factors of sewage sludge components derived from nine full-scale wastewater treatment plants of Beijing,China

Millions of tons of waste activated sludge（WAS） produced from biological wastewater treatment processes cause severe adverse environmental consequences. A better understanding of WAS composition is thus very critical for sustainable sludge management. In this work, the occurrence and distribution of several fundamental sludge constituents were explored in WAS samples from nine full-scale wastewater treatment plants（WWTPs） of Beijing, China. Among all the components investigated, active heterotrophic biomass was dominant in the samples（up to 9478 mg/L）, followed by endogenous residues（6736 mg/L）,extracellular polymeric substances（2088 mg/L）, and intracellular storage products（464 mg/L）among others. Moreover, significant differences（p 〈 0.05） were observed in composition profiles of sludge samples among the studied WWTPs. To identify the potential parameters affecting the variable fractions of sludge components, wastewater source as well as design and operational parameters of WWTPs were studied using statistical methods. The findings indicated that the component fraction of sewage sludge depends more on wastewater treatment alternatives than on wastewater characteristics among other parameters. A principal component analysis was conducted, which further indicated that there was a greater proportion of residual inert biomass in the sludge produced by the combined system of the conventional anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process and a membrane bioreactor. Additionally, a much longer solids retention time was also found to influence the sludge composition and induce an increase in both endogenous inert residues and extracellular polymeric substances in the sludge.