Non-Hermitian systems can exhibit unconventional spectral singularities called exceptional points(EPs).Various EP sensors have been fabricated in recent years,showing strong spectral responses to external signals.Here...Non-Hermitian systems can exhibit unconventional spectral singularities called exceptional points(EPs).Various EP sensors have been fabricated in recent years,showing strong spectral responses to external signals.Here we propose how to achieve a nonlinear anti-parity-time(PT)gyroscope by spinning an optical resonator.We show that,in the absence of any nonlinearity,the sensitivity or optical mode splitting of the linear device can be magnified up to 3 orders compared to that of the conventional device without EPs.Remarkably,the PT symmetry can be broken when including the Kerr nonlinearity of the materials and,as a result,the detection threshold can be significantly lowered,i.e.,much weaker rotations which are well beyond the ability of a linear gyroscope can now be detected with the nonlinear device.Our work shows the powerful ability of PT gyroscopes in practice to achieve ultrasensitive rotation measurement.展开更多
Although it has been known that γδ T cells may play an important role in the immune response to infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis （M. tb）, the mechanisms by which the γδ T cells participate in the innate a...Although it has been known that γδ T cells may play an important role in the immune response to infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis （M. tb）, the mechanisms by which the γδ T cells participate in the innate and/or acquired immunity to tuberculosis （TB） have not been full elucidated. In the present study, 27 patients with active pulmonary TB and 16 healthy donors （HD） were performed. We found that proportion of IL-17-producing cells among lymphocyte was similar between TB patients and HD, whereas the proportions of γδ T cells in IL-17-producing cells （59.2%） and IL-17-producing cells in γδ T cells （19.4%） in peripheral blood were markedly increased in TB patients when compared to those in HD （43.9% and 7.7%, respectively）. In addition, the proportions of IFN-T-producing γδ T cells in TB patients were obviously lower than that in HD. Upon re-stimulated with M. tb heat-treated antigen （M. tb-HAg） in vitro, fewer IL-17-producing γδ T cells were generated from HD and TB patients, whereas IFN-T-producing γδ T cells were increased in TB patients compared to that in HD. Our findings in TB patients and healthy human were consistent with other murine investigation that the IL-17- producing γδ T cells were main source of IL-17 in mouse model of BCG infection, suggesting that γδ T cells might be involved in the formation of tubercular granuloma in pulmonary TB patients, but need further identification.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11935006,11774086,and 12064010)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2020RC4047)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2021JJ20036)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China(Grant No.20192ACB21002)。
文摘Non-Hermitian systems can exhibit unconventional spectral singularities called exceptional points(EPs).Various EP sensors have been fabricated in recent years,showing strong spectral responses to external signals.Here we propose how to achieve a nonlinear anti-parity-time(PT)gyroscope by spinning an optical resonator.We show that,in the absence of any nonlinearity,the sensitivity or optical mode splitting of the linear device can be magnified up to 3 orders compared to that of the conventional device without EPs.Remarkably,the PT symmetry can be broken when including the Kerr nonlinearity of the materials and,as a result,the detection threshold can be significantly lowered,i.e.,much weaker rotations which are well beyond the ability of a linear gyroscope can now be detected with the nonlinear device.Our work shows the powerful ability of PT gyroscopes in practice to achieve ultrasensitive rotation measurement.
文摘Although it has been known that γδ T cells may play an important role in the immune response to infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis （M. tb）, the mechanisms by which the γδ T cells participate in the innate and/or acquired immunity to tuberculosis （TB） have not been full elucidated. In the present study, 27 patients with active pulmonary TB and 16 healthy donors （HD） were performed. We found that proportion of IL-17-producing cells among lymphocyte was similar between TB patients and HD, whereas the proportions of γδ T cells in IL-17-producing cells （59.2%） and IL-17-producing cells in γδ T cells （19.4%） in peripheral blood were markedly increased in TB patients when compared to those in HD （43.9% and 7.7%, respectively）. In addition, the proportions of IFN-T-producing γδ T cells in TB patients were obviously lower than that in HD. Upon re-stimulated with M. tb heat-treated antigen （M. tb-HAg） in vitro, fewer IL-17-producing γδ T cells were generated from HD and TB patients, whereas IFN-T-producing γδ T cells were increased in TB patients compared to that in HD. Our findings in TB patients and healthy human were consistent with other murine investigation that the IL-17- producing γδ T cells were main source of IL-17 in mouse model of BCG infection, suggesting that γδ T cells might be involved in the formation of tubercular granuloma in pulmonary TB patients, but need further identification.
