Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been regarded as an important cause of morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Immune system components are modulated during T2D, with the most apparent modification...Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been regarded as an important cause of morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Immune system components are modulated during T2D, with the most apparent modifications in adipose tissue, pancreatic islets, liver, and circulating leukocytes. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the role of IL-1 in the etiopathogenesis of nephropathic T2D. Methods: In this case-control investigation, the study population consisted of 58 T2D patients with proteinuria (nephropathy T2D cases) as the case group and 76 T2D cases without proteinuria (non-nephropathy T2D cases) as the control group. Blood samples were obtained from all individuals and ELISA approach was carried out to measure IL-1 levels in samples. Results: Our experiments demonstrated that T2D patients with nephropathy had significantly increased levels of IL-1 in their blood in comparison to T2D patients without nephropathy. Conclusions: It seems that IL-1 plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of nephropathy in T2D patients, requiring further implementation to vivid disclose of the inflammation in this context.展开更多
Background and Objectives: The ultimate goal of the health system is to improve the health status of people. To achieve this goal and meet the needs and expectations of people in the field of health, different strateg...Background and Objectives: The ultimate goal of the health system is to improve the health status of people. To achieve this goal and meet the needs and expectations of people in the field of health, different strategies have been designed, one of which is the family physician. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate management and performance of the family physician in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diabetes in the Counties of Gilan Province. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which was carried out descriptively. In this study 320 patients with diabetic records were selected from among 1900 using simple random selection. Results: There is a significant difference between the number of visits, the number of referrals to specialists and the number of tests with the expected rate. In addition, 68.8% of patients were diagnosed by the family physician for the first time. According to comparisons made on the number of referrals, visits and request for blood tests, there was a significant difference between two Counties (p Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that there is a fundamental weakness in terms of diagnosis, control, care of patients, referral, completion of health records and eventually preventing diabetes complications in the northern villages of Iran. In general, family physician program has relatively good performance in Iran after several years, but has not been able to reach the determined goals and standards.展开更多
文摘Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been regarded as an important cause of morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Immune system components are modulated during T2D, with the most apparent modifications in adipose tissue, pancreatic islets, liver, and circulating leukocytes. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the role of IL-1 in the etiopathogenesis of nephropathic T2D. Methods: In this case-control investigation, the study population consisted of 58 T2D patients with proteinuria (nephropathy T2D cases) as the case group and 76 T2D cases without proteinuria (non-nephropathy T2D cases) as the control group. Blood samples were obtained from all individuals and ELISA approach was carried out to measure IL-1 levels in samples. Results: Our experiments demonstrated that T2D patients with nephropathy had significantly increased levels of IL-1 in their blood in comparison to T2D patients without nephropathy. Conclusions: It seems that IL-1 plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of nephropathy in T2D patients, requiring further implementation to vivid disclose of the inflammation in this context.
文摘Background and Objectives: The ultimate goal of the health system is to improve the health status of people. To achieve this goal and meet the needs and expectations of people in the field of health, different strategies have been designed, one of which is the family physician. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate management and performance of the family physician in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diabetes in the Counties of Gilan Province. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which was carried out descriptively. In this study 320 patients with diabetic records were selected from among 1900 using simple random selection. Results: There is a significant difference between the number of visits, the number of referrals to specialists and the number of tests with the expected rate. In addition, 68.8% of patients were diagnosed by the family physician for the first time. According to comparisons made on the number of referrals, visits and request for blood tests, there was a significant difference between two Counties (p Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that there is a fundamental weakness in terms of diagnosis, control, care of patients, referral, completion of health records and eventually preventing diabetes complications in the northern villages of Iran. In general, family physician program has relatively good performance in Iran after several years, but has not been able to reach the determined goals and standards.
