Cytotoxicity evaluation and hepatoprotective potential of bioassay guided fractions from Feronia limmonia Linn leaf

Objective:To evaluate the cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective potentials of extracts,fractions or isolated compound from the leaves of Feronia limonia(F.limonia).Methods:Qualitative phytochemical analysis of extracts,fractions or compound was performed by means of thin layer chromatography and spectroscopic assays.The%purity of compound was measured by analytical HPLC.Extracts,fractions or compound have been individually evaluated for their cytotoxicity effects(10,20,100,250,500,750 and 1 000 μg/mL).Based on the inhibitory concentration(IC_(50)) obtained from the cell viability assay,graded concentrations of extracts,fractions or isolated compound were assessed(10,20,50,100,200 μg/mL) for its hepatoprotective potential against CCl_4-induced hepatotoxicity by monitoring activity levels of serum glutamatic pyruvatic transaminase(SGPT) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT).Results:Results indicated that the methanol extract of F.limonia was non-toxic and hepatoprotective in nature as compared with the petroleum ether extract.The acetone fraction of methanolic extract also showed similar properties but the subsequent two fractions were cytotoxic.However,the pure compound isolated from the penultimate fraction of methanolic extract was non-toxic and hepatoprotective in nature.Biochemical investigations(SCOT,SCPT) further corroborated these cytological observations.Conclusions:It can be concluded from this study that F.limonia methanol extract,some fractions and pure isolated compound herein exhibit hepatoprotective activity.However,cytotoxicity recorded in the penultimate fraction and investigation of structural details of pure compound warrants further study.

Traditional uses,phytochemistry and pharmacology of Clerodendron glandulosum Coleb - a review

Present review for the first time provides a complete botanical description and information on ethnomcdicinal uses of Clerodendron glandulosum.Coleb(CG:Fam.Verbenaceae).Recent studies conducted from our laborator) provide pharmacological evidence for its anti-hypertensive,antidiabetic and anti-obesity potentials.Further,its beneficial potential in preventing in vitro and in vivo non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and atherosclerosis and potent hcpatoprotective and free radical scavenging abilities along with its acute and sub- chronic toxicologiesl evaluations are also reported from our laboratory.In keeping with its traditional uses,CG extract was capable of ameliorating experimentally induced hypertension,diabetes and obesity.Its beneficial potential against NASH induced oxidative stress and atherosclerosis can be attributed to its potent free radical scavenging potential.Non—toxic nature of CG leaf extract further provides added merit to its reported pharmacological properties.The present review summarizes the pioneering scientific evidence for the pharmacological effects of CG against related metabolic disorders like hypertension,diabetes and obesity along with anti oxidant potential and beneficial elicits against non alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Safety evaluation of Eugenia jambolana seed extract

Objective:To evaluate the safety of ethanolic seed extract of Eugenia jambolana（EJSE） using acute and sub-chronic toxicity assays in Swiss albino mice as per Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development（OECD） guidelines.Methods:Possible behavioral changes and lethality were observed in mice administered a single dose[1 000,2 000,3 000,4 000 or 5 000mg/kg body weight（BW）]of EJSE,Plasma levels of metabolic,hepatic,cardiac and renal function markers, electrolytes,blood count and histopathology of major organs were monitored in mice chronically treated with EJSE（1 000,2 000 or 3 000 mg/kg BW） for 28 days.Results:Since no mortality was recorded in the acute toxicity evaluation up to a dose of 5 000 mg/kg bodyweight of EJSE,50% lethal dose(LD50) was assumed to be 】5 000 mg/kg BW.In the sub-chronic toxicity evaluation, no adverse observations were recorded in mice administered with 2 000 mg/kg BW of EJSE; however at 3 000 mg/kg BW dose,moderately significant increase in the plasma levels of urea and creatinine was observed.Hence,the lowest observable adverse effect level（LOAEL） for EJSE was found to be 3 000 mg/kg BW and the no observable adverse effect level（NOAEL） was adjudged as 2 000 mg/kg BW.Conclusions:It can be concluded from this study that,orally administered EJSE is safe up to a10 fold higher dose than its reported therapeutic dose.