Melt extraction and mineralization: A case study from the Shuangjianzishan supergiant Ag-Pb-Zn deposit(208 Mt), Inner Mongolia, NE China

The supergiant Shuangjianzishan(SJZ) Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is in the southern segment of the Great Hinggan Range(SGHR), northeast China. Previous studies suggest the ore-forming material and fluid originated from the magmatic system, and the mineralization age was consistent with the diagenetic age. However,the relationship between granitic magmatism and mineralization is still unclear in the SJZ. In this study, CH-O-He-Ar and in-situ S-Pb isotope analyses were conducted to determine the sources of ore-forming fluids and metals, which were combined with geochemistry data of SJZ granitoids from previous studies to constrain the relationship between the magmatism and the mineralization. The C-H-O-He-Ar-S-Pb isotopic compositions suggested the SJZ ore-forming material and fluids were derived from a magmatic source, which has mixed a small amount of mantle-derived materials. In addition, the disseminated sulfide from the syenogranite has comparable S-Pb isotopic composition with the sulfide minerals from ore veins,suggesting that the generation of the SJZ ore-forming fluids has a close relationship with the syenogranite magmatism. Combining with the geochemical characters of the syenogranite, the authors proposed that the mantle-derived fingerprint of the SJZ ore-forming fluid might be caused by the parent magma of the syenogranite, which was derived from partial melting of the juvenile lower crust, and underwent the residual melts segregated from a crystal mush in the shallow magma reservoir. The extraction of the syenogranite parent magma further concentrated the fertilized fluids, which was crucial to mineralization of the SJZ Ag-Pb-Zn deposit.

药物预防经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后结石复发的疗效观察

目的评价牛磺熊去氧胆酸(TUDCA)及胆宁片(DN)在经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)取石治疗后预防胆总管结石复发中的临床应用价值。方法 210例经ERCP治疗的胆总管结石患者,术后采用完全随机化分组法分为3组。对照组不服药,TUDCA组口服TUDCA,DN组口服DN。术后药物治疗并随访24个月定期复查胆道超声及磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)。比较3组患者胆总管结石复发率、胆固醇饱和度指数(CSI)、血脂水平。结果 190例患者完成治疗及随访。(1)术后24个月内对照组、TUDCA组、DN组结石复发率为17.46%(11/63)、6.34%(4/63)、10.94%(7/64);TUDCA组、DN组复发率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),TUDCA组复发率明显低于DN组(P<0.05);(2)术后第10天,TUDCA组CSI值明显低于对照组、DN组(P<0.05);DN组与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)结石未复发患者中,TUDCA组患者的总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)明显低于对照组、DN组(P<0.05);而TUDCA组高密度脂蛋白(HDL)明显高于对照组、DN组(P<0.05),DN组HDL含量与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论胆总管结石患者ERCP治疗后口服TUDCA及DN均能有效降低结石复发率,且TUDCA效果更优于DN。

Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(GEP-NENs)are a rare group of tumors originating from neuroendocrine cells of the digestive system.Their incidence has increased over the last decades.The specific pathogenetic mechanisms underlying GEP-NEN development have not been completely revealed.Unfunctional GEP-NENs are usually asymptomatic;some grow slowly and thus impede early diagnosis,which ultimately results in a high rate of misdiagnosis.Therefore,many GEP-NEN patients present with later staged tumors.Motivated hereby,research attention for diagnosis and treatment for GEP-NENs increased in recent years.The result of which is great progress in clinical diagnosis and treatment.According to the most recent clinical guidelines,improved grading standards can accurately define poorly differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine tumors and neuroendocrine carcinomas(NECs),which are subclassified into large and small cell NECs.Combining different functional imaging methods facilitates precise diagnosis.The expression of somatostatin receptors helps to predict prognosis.Genetic analyses of mutations affecting death domain associated protein(DAXX),multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN 1),alpha thalassemia/intellectual disability syndrome X-linked(ATRX),retinoblastoma transcriptional corepressor 1(RB 1),and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4(SMAD 4)help distinguishing grade 3 NENs from poorly differentiated NECs.The aim of this review is to summarize the latest research progress on diagnosis and treatment of GEP-NENs.

Assembling S-scheme heterojunction between basic bismuth nitrate and bismuth tungstate with promoting charges’separation for accelerated photocatalytic sulfamethazine degradation

The S-scheme heterojunction has garnered increasing attention due to its remarkable oxidation capacity and efficient separation of photogenerated carriers.In this study,a one-pot glycerol-assisted hydrothermal process was utilized to successfully synthesize S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts comprising basic bismuth nitrate(BBN)and bismuth tungstate(BWO).Interestingly,the BBN/BWO heterogeneous photo-catalysts exhibited the highest photocatalytic properties.The optimized product achieved the degradation of sulfamethazine(SMZ)within 1 h,with a kinetic constant(k)value of 0.05818 min^(−1).The degradation process was influenced significantly by·O^(2)−and h^(+)species.To determine the degradation pathway of SMZ in the presence of BBN/BWO-0.6,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)analysis was performed,which revealed a decrease in the toxicity of intermediates and products.The enhanced pho-tocatalytic activity can be attributed to the internal electric field(IEF)of the S-scheme heterojunction between BBN and BWO,effectively promoting the separation of photogenerated carriers.This research presents a viable approach for developing S-scheme heterojunctions in SMZ photodegradation and other environmental applications.

Early-life famine exposure,adulthood obesity patterns,and risk of low-energy fracture

Malnutrition in early life increases the risk of osteoporosis,but the association of early-life undernutrition combined with adulthood obesity patterns with low-energy fracture remains unknown.This study included 5323 community-dwelling subjects aged⩾40 years from China.Early-life famine exposure was identified based on the participants’birth dates.General obesity was assessed using the body mass index(BMI),and abdominal obesity was evaluated with the waist-to-hip ratio(WHR).Low-energy fracture was defined as fracture occurring after the age of⩾40 typically caused by falls from standing height or lower.Compared to the nonexposed group,the group with fetal,childhood,and adolescence famine exposure was associated with an increased risk of fracture in women with odds ratios(ORs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)of 3.55(1.57–8.05),3.90(1.57–9.71),and 3.53(1.05–11.88),respectively,but not in men.Significant interactions were observed between fetal famine exposure and general obesity with fracture among women(P for interaction=0.0008).Furthermore,compared with the groups with normal BMI and WHR,the group of women who underwent fetal famine exposure and had both general and abdominal obesity had the highest risk of fracture(OR,95%CI:3.32,1.17–9.40).These results indicate that early-life famine exposure interacts with adulthood general obesity and significantly increases the risk of low-energy fracture later in life in women.

ZnWO_(4)-ZnIn_(2)S_(4) S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic H_(2) evolution

The recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes is a crucial factor limiting photocatalytic H_(2)evolution.The S-scheme ZnWO_(4)-ZnIn_(2)S_(4)heterojunction with 2D coupling interfaces was successfully synthesized using a simple solvothermal method.An effective S-scheme interfacial charge migration route at the S-scheme heterogeneous interface was determined by energy band structure analyses(such as UPS,Mott-Schottky and XPS plots),which facilitates the separation of photoexcited carriers.It is worth noting that the optimal ZnWO_(4)-ZnIn_(2)S_(4)composite has an H_(2)evolution activity of 4925.3μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)with favourable photostability and stability.Meanwhile,the ZnWO_(4)-Zn In_(2)S_(4)heterojunction exhibits the maximum optical response value(2.8 m A cm-2)in the initial stage,effectively promoting the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers.The establishment of the built-in electric field direction at the interface can effectively promote the space charge separation between the ZnWO_(4)and ZnIn_(2)S_(4)nanosheets,which is favorable to the photocatalytic H_(2)evolution.This work provides valuable guidance for designing S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts composed of two n-type semiconductors for energy and environmental applications.The recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes is a crucial factor limiting photocatalytic H_(2)evolution.The S-scheme ZnWO_(4)-ZnIn_(2)S_(4)heterojunction with 2D coupling interfaces was successfully synthesized using a simple solvothermal method.An effective S-scheme interfacial charge migration route at the S-scheme heterogeneous interface was determined by energy band structure analyses(such as UPS,Mott-Schottky and XPS plots),which facilitates the separation of photoexcited carriers.It is worth noting that the optimal ZnWO_(4)-ZnIn_(2)S_(4)composite has an H_(2)evolution activity of 4925.3μmol g^(-1)h^(-1)with favourable photostability and stability.Meanwhile,the ZnWO_(4)-ZnIn_(2)S_(4)heterojunction exhibits the maximum optical response value(2.8 m A cm-2)in the initial stage,effectively promoting the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers.The establishment of the built-in electric field direction at the interface can effectively promote the space charge separation between the ZnWO_(4)and Zn In_(2)S_(4)nanosheets,which is favorable to the photocatalytic H_(2)evolution.This work provides valuable guidance for designing S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts composed of two n-type semiconductors for energy and environmental applications.