填料性质对催化裂化油浆静电分离效率影响冷模试验研究

为分析静电分离法脱除催化裂化油浆中固含量影响因素,采用自制静电分离器试验装置,研究填料直径和材质对催化油浆中催化剂固体颗粒脱除效率影响规律。结合数值模拟,分析填料直径和材质对其接触点处电场强度变化的影响。结果表明,油浆中固体颗粒分离效率随填料直径增大而降低,氧化锆填料的分离效率最高,玻璃填料的分离效果最差。随填料直径和填料相对介电常数增大,填料接触点处的电场强度增大。在不同材质填料物化参数中,填料相对介电常数对油浆中固体颗粒静电分离影响过程起主要作用。

知识图谱引导的沉积相智能地震识别技术

传统的沉积相识别方法依赖地质专家的先验知识,利用地震和测井数据,借助计算机的存储和计算能力定性分析沉积环境。地震相的识别以地震数据为基础,因需大量的人工解释,准确率和效率均不甚理想。如何从地震数据中表征沉积微相的地质特征,实现沉积微相的三维空间刻画仍有待研究。近年来,知识图谱(KG)在地学领域中引起广泛关注,通过构建KG进行约束也可改进传统沉积相识别方法,但是KG、深度学习(DL)与沉积相地震技术识别需进一步融合,研发基于KG约束的沉积微相精细识别技术是目前亟需解决的技术难题。为此,将地质先验知识引入KG,构建了地下复杂沉积模式的计算机高层语义认知系统,利用KG对地质先验知识的计算机表征,作为约束条件和质控手段引导沉积微相的识别与建模,形成了KG引导的沉积微相智能识别技术。利用所提方法将地质先验知识数字化之后,刻画了四川盆地川中地区灯影组碳酸盐岩微生物丘滩体以及多期次前积体沉积相微相的空间分布,预测结果与目标工区的特定地质情况契合。所提方法适用于深层岩性圈闭预测和井位论证,为储层预测提供了有效依据,具有较好的工业化应用、推广价值。

北方沿海城市大气PM_(2.5)组分特征及来源分析:以青岛市为例

为探究北方沿海城市大气PM_(2.5)的化学组分特征及其关键来源,本文选择典型代表城市青岛市作为研究对象,在2021年3月−2022年2月采集大气PM_(2.5)样品,测定水溶性无机离子、碳组分及化学元素等组分,深入分析大气PM_(2.5)化学组分特征,采用正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)和潜在源贡献函数(PSCF)对青岛市PM_(2.5)的主要贡献源类和潜在源区进行分析研究.结果表明:①采样期间青岛市PM_(2.5)浓度平均值为42.2μg/m^(3),NO_(3)^(−)、NH_(4)^(+)、SO_(4)^(2−)、OC是PM_(2.5)的主导成分,浓度分别为11.77、5.76、5.20和6.67μg/m^(3),占比分别为27.88%、13.65%、12.32%和15.80%.②各组分浓度季节性变化与PM_(2.5)浓度变化基本一致,呈现冬季最高、夏季最低,春季、秋季相差较小的变化特征.③PMF模型解析结果表明,二次无机源是青岛市PM_(2.5)的主要来源,贡献率达42.8%;其次为二次有机源以及燃煤和生物质燃烧源,贡献率分别为18.1%、15.7%;机动车源贡献率为8.8%,海盐和船舶源贡献率为6.0%;而扬尘源和工艺过程源贡献率相对较低,分别为5.3%和3.3%.冬季燃煤和生物质燃烧源贡献率(24.4%)明显高于其他季节;春季和秋季扬尘源贡献率较高,分别为6.5%和9.8%;夏季二次有机源、海盐和船舶源以及机动车源的贡献率高于其他季节,贡献率分别达23.1%、12.4%和16.3%.④江苏省北部以及山东省中东部是青岛市各类源的主要潜在源区,江苏省东北部、长三角地区以及黄海海域是海盐和船舶源的主要潜在源区.研究显示,二次源是青岛市大气污染物的主要来源,燃煤源和生物质燃烧源、机动车源、海盐和船舶源的影响也不容忽视.二次源、机动车源以及海盐和船舶源可能是北方沿海城市PM_(2.5)的重点关注源类,在大气污染防治措施制定时需要加强对其的精细化管理.

不同天气型下影响胶东经济圈臭氧污染的关键天气因子及来源分析

基于2014~2021年臭氧实况和再分析资料研究不同天气型下影响胶东经济圈臭氧污染的关键天气因子以及气流来源.结果显示容易出现臭氧污染的天气形势主要有4类,高空均为西风槽后西北气流控制,地面分别对应东北低压槽、弱反气旋、海上高压后部和大陆高压控制,4类天气型下臭氧污染日数分别占比58%、28%、6%和5%.不同天气型下影响臭氧的关键天气要素不同,东北低压槽型的关键因子是太阳辐射、云量以及低层相对湿度;弱反气旋型主要与太阳辐射、云量、低层湿度和低层纬向风相关;海上高压后部型主要与太阳辐射、云量、低层温度和低层湿度相关;大陆高压型主要与低层温度、低层经向风和大气稳定度相关.后向轨迹聚类分析显示,是否发生臭氧污染与气流来源的纬度或是否来源于内陆有关,胶东经济圈臭氧污染主要受山东省、安徽省、江苏省以及东南近海的影响.一次连续臭氧污染过程分析显示,当高空受西风槽后西北气流或高压脊控制,低层受内陆西北或西南气流影响时,有利于胶东经济圈臭氧污染的发生和持续.

地铁车辆铸造零件铆接间隙类别的远场涡流检测方法研究

[目的]铆接质量问题无法直观判断,通过采用远场涡流探伤检测方法,可检测铆接结构件内部质量缺陷,以期为产品质量检测提供理论和技术支撑。[方法]在不破坏工件的基础上进行铆接质量检测及判别间隙类型;针对轨道车辆铆接结构件的中板间间隙和铆钉孔间隙,分别开展了远场涡流检测试验;选取地铁车辆抗侧滚扭杆座与车体底架边梁铆接工作试件,开展了涡流探伤试验研究。[结果及结论]从三组实验结果可知:根据相位角的范围可区分铆钉与孔的间隙和板间间隙类别,孔间间隙的相位幅值范围为60°~90°,板间间隙的相位幅值范围为0~10°。

Laparoscopic vs open surgery for gastric cancer: Assessing time, recovery, complications, and markers

BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common cancers worldwide.Morbidity and mortality have increased in recent years,making it an urgent issue to address.La-paroscopic radical surgery(LRS)is a crucial method for treating patients with GC;However,its influence on tumor markers is still under investigation.The data of 194 patients treated at Chongqing University Cancer Hospital bet-ween January 2018 and January 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients who underwent traditional open surgery and LRS were assigned to the control(n=90)and observation groups(n=104),respectively.Independent sample t-tests andχ2 tests were used to compare the two groups based on clinical efficacy,changes in tumor marker levels after treatment,clinical data,and the incidence of posto-perative complications.To investigate the association between tumor marker levels and clinical efficacy in patients with GC,three-year recurrence rates in the two groups were compared.RESULTS Patients in the observation group had a shorter duration of operation,less in-traoperative blood loss,an earlier postoperative eating time,and a shorter hospital stay than those in the control group(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the number of lymph node dissections(P>0.05).After treatment,the overall response rate in the control group was significantly lower than that in the observation group(P=0.001).Furthermore,after treatment,the levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9,cancer antigen 72-4,carcinoembryonic antigen,and cancer antigen 125 decreased significantly.The observation group also exhibited a significantly lower incidence rate of postoperative complications compared to the control group(P<0.001).Additionally,the two groups did not significantly differ in terms of three-year survival and recurrence rates(P>0.05).CONCLUSION LRS effectively treats early gastric cancer by reducing intraoperative bleeding,length of hospital stays,and postoperative complications.It also significantly lowers tumor marker levels,thus improving the short-term prognosis of the disease.

山东省PM_(2.5)污染现状及预报效果对比分析

对2019—2022年山东省16个市的细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))污染特征进行了分析,并对2021和2022年的4个数值模式[社区多尺度空气质量模拟系统(CMAQ)、扩展综合空气质量模型(CAMx)、区域气象大气化学在线耦合模式(WRF-Chem)、嵌套网格空气质量预报系统(NAQPMS)]及集合预报模式预测的效果进行评估。结果表明:2019—2022年山东省PM_(2.5)年均质量浓度逐年降低,污染程度逐步减轻,但在1—3,11—12月,PM_(2.5)质量浓度超标现象较为普遍。2021年底更换污染源清单后,2022年5个模式的24 h级别准确率和相关系数(r)同比升高,均方根误差(RMSE)同比降低,模式预报准确率有所提升,但由于参数调整略大,CMAQ、CAMx、WRF-Chem、集合预报模式易漏报或偏轻预报PM_(2.5)的中度污染和重度污染天气。由于NAQPMS模式在更换污染源排放清单时,同时改进了非均相化学反应机制,因此对PM_(2.5)不同污染类别尤其是中度污染、重度污染的预报准确率明显提升。

Indocyanine Green Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications

Theranostics is a concept that integrated imaging and therapy. As an emerging field, it embraces multiple techniques to arrive at an individualized treatment purpose. Indocyanine green(ICG) is a near infrared dye that has been approved by Food and Drug Administration(FDA) in USA for the use in indicator-dilution studies in humans. ICG nanoparticles(NPs) have attracted much attention for its potential applications in cancer theranostics. This review focuses on the preparation, application of ICG NPs for in vivo imaging(fluorescent imaging and photoacoustic imaging) and therapeutics(photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy and photoacoustic therapy), and future directions based on recent developments in these areas. It is hoped that this review might provide new impetus to understand ICG NPs for cancer theranostics.

Effect of the benzene ring of the dispersant on the rheological characteristics of coal-water slurry:Experiments and theoretical calculations

In this study,low-rank coal-water slurry(LCWS)was prepared using polyoxyethylene dodecylphenol ether(PDPE)and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether(PLE),respectively.A combination of experiments and simulations was used to investigate the pulping properties and microscopic mechanism of the LCWS samples prepared using the two agents,so as to explore the influence of benzene ring on the performance of dispersant.The results of the LCWS preparation experiments revealed that the pulp-forming performance of PDPE exceeded that of PLE.When LCWS concentration is 62%,64%,and 66%,the apparent viscosity corresponding to PDPE is 247.80,504.17,and 653.10 mPa·s,and the apparent viscosity corresponding to PLE is 548.10,1470.61,and 1549.98 mPa·s,respectively.The C_(1000)(When the apparent viscosity is 1000 mPa·s,the corresponding concentration of LCWS is defined as C_(1000))values of PDPE and PLE are 67.60%and 62.95%,respectively.In addition to the van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds between the PDPE and/or PLE molecules and coal,the benzene rings of PDPE presentπ-πstacking effect with the aromatic rings of coal.That could facilitate and strengthen the adsorption of PDPE on coal,which would be conducive to further improving the dispersion of coal particles.The two dispersants have no significant difference in effect on the pyrolysis of LCWS.The simulation results indicated that the times for PDPE and PLE molecules to reach flat adsorption state on coal are approximately 290 and 565 ps,respectively.The self-diffusion coefficient(D)of the PDPE and PLE on coal is 3.16 x 10^(-6)and6.57×10^(-6)m~2/s,respectively,and their interaction energies with coal are 785.71 and 648.60 kcal/mol,respectively.The results of the simulation calculations demonstrated that PDPE adsorbed on coal easier than PLE,and its binding is more stable than that of PLE owing to theπ-πstacking effect,which is conducive to uniform dispersion of coal in solution.The simulation results confirmed the experimental results.

Feasibility study on determining the conventional true value of gamma-ray air kerma in a minitype reference radiation

A minitype reference radiation(MRR) with dimensions of only 1 m × 1 m × 1 m has been developed for the in situ calibration of photon dosimeters.The present work conducts a feasibility study on determining the conventional true value of gamma-ray air kerma at the point of test in the MRR.Owing to its smaller dimensions,the scattered gamma-rays in the MRR are expected to induce a non-negligible interference with the radiation field compared with conditions in the standard reference radiation stipulated by ISO4037-1 or GB/T12162.1.A gamma-ray spectrometer was employed to obtain the spectra of scattered gamma-rays within the MRR,and the feature components of the spectra were extracted by principal component analysis to characterize the interference of a dosimeter probe in the radiation field.A prediction model of the CAK at the point of test was built by least squares support vector machine based on the feature component data obtained from nine sample dosimeters under five different dose rates.The mean prediction error of the CAK prediction model was within ±4.5%,and the maximum prediction error was about ±10%.

卷取温度与冷却速率对含铌热轧双相钢显微组织与拉伸性能的影响

将含铌双相钢在相同工艺参数下进行热轧并分别以冷却速率60℃·s^(-1)一次水冷至610℃或不同冷却速率两段式水冷至461,434,410℃后进行卷取,分析了卷取温度和冷却速率对热轧双相钢显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:4种工艺下热轧双相钢组织均主要由铁素体和马氏体构成,在卷取温度为461℃以下时还出现了贝氏体;随着卷取温度的降低,马氏体含量降低,贝氏体依次呈分散颗粒状、聚集颗粒状和板条状,热轧双相钢的屈服强度增大,抗拉强度先减小后增大,屈强比增大,断后伸长率先增大后减小;当以一次和二次冷却速率分别为53,79℃·s^(-1)两段式水冷至461℃进行卷取后,热轧双相钢的拉伸性能最佳,平均屈服强度、平均抗拉强度、平均断后伸长率分别为459 MPa,591 MPa,35.63%。

Olanzapine Induces Inflammation and Immune Response via Activating ER Stress in the Rat Prefrontal Cortex

Objective Antipsychotics,in particular olanzapine,are first-line medications for schizophrenia.The prefrontal cortex(PFC)is an important region for antipsychotics’therapeutic effects.The PFC inflammatory and immune pathways are associated with schizophrenia pathogenesis.However,the effect of antipsychotics on the inflammatory and immune pathways in the PFC remains unclear.We aimed to examined the time-dependent effect of olanzapine on inflammatory and immune markers in the PFC of rats.Since the inflammatory and immune pathways are related to endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress,we further investigated whether or not olanzapine-induced inflammation and immune responses were related to ER stress.Methods Expression of pro-inflammatory markers including IkappaB kinaseβ(IKKβ),nuclear factor kappa B(NFκB),tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6)and IL-1β,and immune-related proteins including inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)and cluster of differentiation 14(CD14)were examined by Western blotting.Results Olanzapine treatments for 1,8 and 36 days significantly activated the inflammatory IKKβ/NFκB signaling,and increased the expression of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1βand immune-related proteins such as iNOS,TLR4 and CD14.Olanzapine treatment for 1 day,8 and 36 days also induced ER stress in the PFC.Co-treatment with an ER stress inhibitor,4-phenylbutyrate,inhibited olanzapine-induced inflammation and the immune response in the PFC.Conclusion These results suggested olanzapine exposure could be a factor that induces central inflammation and immunological abnormities in schizophrenia subjects.Olanzapine induces PFC inflammation and immune response,possibly via activating ER stress signaling.

Synthesis and electromagnetic transport of large-area 2D WTe_(2) thin film

Tungsten telluride thin films were successfully prepared on monocrystal sapphire substrates by using atomic layer de-position and chemical vapor deposition technology,and the effects of different tellurization temperatures on the properties of tungsten telluride films were investigated.The growth rate,crystal structure and composition of the film samples were character-ized and analyzed by using scanning electron microscope,Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The res-ults showed that tungsten telluride thin films with good crystal orientation in(001)were obtained at telluride temperature of 550℃.When the telluride temperature reached 570℃,the tungsten telluride began to decompose and unsaturated mag-netoresistance was found.

沉积相智能地震识别技术研究及应用

通常利用地震反射同相轴的几何形状、横向连续性、振幅、频率和层速度等参数描述沉积相类型。传统的沉积相地震识别方法利用人工解释目标沉积体,受限于解释人员对目标工区的地质认识,工作强度大、效率低,存在多解性。在很多地震勘探工区只能够标定少量标签,这些标签不足以支撑完成强监督学习,此时小样本学习可以作为好的解决方案。为此,以小样本学习为切入点,主要研究碳酸盐岩丘滩体沉积相预测方法,探讨了基于小样本学习方法在沉积相识别方面的应用效果。在小样本弱监督学习方面,首先根据地震反射构型以及钻井信息建立了典型地震剖面地震相标签库,在川中地区灯影组地震数据中共解释了14条地震剖面作为训练标签,占总数的2.8%。其次,基于层序地层格架控制的沉积相智能分类方法,利用地震层序格架构建隐式标量场,引入地震层位的空间变化信息,避免了深度学习在地震相预测过程中未引入地质信息的缺陷,提高了沉积相智能预测精度。利用所提方法刻画了四川盆地川中地区灯影组碳酸盐岩微生物丘滩体,结果表明:礁体受控于台地边缘斜坡,对礁体边界等的预测结果与地震信息高度吻合,符合地质规律;在平面上,礁体呈条带状分布,与台地边缘的分布基本吻合,与沉积相一致。

山东省环境空气中PM_(2.5)与O_(3)的复合污染特征与时空变化趋势

山东省PM_(2.5)-O_(3)复合污染特征突出,空间差异性明显,本文基于2016—2020年国控和省控环境空气自动监测站监测数据以及同期各气象代表站气象监测数据,分析PM_(2.5)和O_(3)时空分布的变化特征,初步探究其与气象因子及前体物的关系.结果表明:(1)2016—2020年山东省空气质量逐步改善,优良天数比例上升了7.1%,重污染天数比例下降了3.5%.除O_(3)年评价值上升9.6%以外,SO_(2)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、CO和NO_(2)的浓度均下降,降幅依次为61.3%、29.8%、28.6%、26.3%和11.4%.各市PM_(2.5)年评价值均下降(范围为18.4%~34.9%);除德州市外,其他15市O_(3)年评价值均上升,滨州市的升幅(30.8%)最大.1月PM_(2.5)平均浓度最高,呈现先下降后上升的年变化趋势,6月O_(3)平均浓度最高,且逐年上升.(2)山东省PM_(2.5)和O_(3)均呈现内陆地区高于沿海地区的分布特征,PM_(2.5)浓度在西部内陆地区较高,O_(3)浓度在中北部内陆地区较高,PM_(2.5)-O_(3)复合污染特征在中西部地区较明显.统计期间共计出现PM_(2.5)-O_(3)复合污染日224 d,分布在2—11月,出现天数逐年减少.(3)为探究PM_(2.5)-O_(3)复合污染的影响因素及气象特征,进行相关性分析及气象因子阈值筛查,结果表明,PM_(2.5)日均浓度和O_(3)_8 h(臭氧日最大8小时滑动平均值)与其主要前体物和气象因子均呈现相反的相关关系,且对不同因子的响应有一定区域性差异.当气温为14.9~24.1℃、相对湿度为55.5%~75.1%、风速为0.6~2.9 m/s、气压为992.8~1018.8 hPa时PM_(2.5)-O_(3)复合污染易于发生,该条件下大部分城市的气温、相对湿度和气压平均值介于PM_(2.5)和O_(3)污染单独发生时的对应因子平均值,但平均风速小于PM_(2.5)和O_(3)污染单独发生的平均风速.研究显示,“十三五”期间山东省PM_(2.5)浓度波动下降,O_(3)浓度波动上升,二者的协同关系日趋明显,气象因素对PM_(2.5)和O_(3)的生成和累积有一定影响.

催化裂化油浆中固体杂质脱除技术综述

催化裂化油浆中固体杂质高效脱除是提高油浆高应用附加值,同时降低固体杂质对设备磨损及环境污染的关键。综述催化裂化外甩油浆固体杂质脱除技术的国内外研究现状,包括沉降分离法、离心分离法、过滤分离法、静电分离法。对比分析各种催化裂化油浆固体杂质脱除技术的优缺点,结合该技术应用现状对其发展趋势进行了展望,以期为炼厂油浆脱固技术的选择提出建议。

铁路自主BIM技术研究与应用进展

自2013年以来,在中国国家铁路集团有限公司的大力推动和铁路BIM联盟的具体指导下,我国铁路BIM技术快速发展,标准体系建设、软件平台研发、重点项目应用等方面均取得了重大突破。但是,目前铁路BIM基础软件平台依赖国外,存在数据标准落地困难、用户需求得不到快速响应等问题,同时面临着数据安全和“卡脖子”的风险。首先,从铁路BIM研究现状和存在的主要问题入手,依托中国铁路设计集团有限公司国家级科研平台,开展铁路自主BIM技术探索,提出了国产BIM平台技术能力评价标准;然后,从平台基础能力、二次开发功能和铁路应用场景3个方面深度测试了BIMBase平台,认为其在数据管理、几何计算、图形渲染等方面具备发展为铁路自主BIM基础平台的潜力;最后,对铁路自主BIM技术进行了总结与展望。下一步,将基于BIMBase平台研发铁路自主BIM软件,并不断迭代升级,尽快实现高水平科技自立自强。

Determination of rock mass integrity coefficient using a non-invasive geophysical approach

Determination of rock mechanical parameters is the most important step in rock mass quality evaluation and has significant impacts on geotechnical engineering practice.Rock mass integrity coefficient(KV)is one of the most efficient parameters,which is conventionally determined from boreholes.Such approaches,however,are time-consuming and expensive,offer low data coverage of point measurements,require heavy equipment,and are hardly conducted in steep topographic sites.Hence,borehole approaches cannot assess the subsurface thoroughly for rock mass quality evaluation.Alternatively,use of geophysical methods is non-invasive,rapid and economical.The proposed geophysical approach makes useful empirical correlation between geophysical and geotechnical parameters.We evaluated the rock mass quality via integration between KV measured from the limited boreholes and inverted resistivity obtained from electrical resistivity tomography(ERT).The borehole-ERT correlation provided KV along various geophysical profiles for more detailed 2D/3D(two-/three-dimensional)mapping of rock mass quality.The subsurface was thoroughly evaluated for rock masses with different engineering qualities,including highly weathered rock,semi-weathered rock,and fresh rock.Furthermore,ERT was integrated with induced polarization(IP)to resolve the uncertainty caused by water/clay content.Our results show that the proposed method,compared with the conventional approaches,can reduce the ambiguities caused by inadequate data,and give more accurate insights into the subsurface for rock mass quality evaluation.

地震滑坡研究现状与展望

在高山峡谷地区,强烈地震诱发的滑坡灾害数量多、规模大,部分地区造成的危害比地震大,故分析研究地震滑坡对防震减灾工作极重要。本文系统总结了地震滑坡发育分布特征和地震参数与斜坡环境参数关系;地震滑坡动力响应特征与稳定性分析方法;地震滑坡危险性评价等方面研究现状。同时对比了目前滑坡危险性评价中较常用的机器学习算法优劣。

粮饲兼用大豆新品种东农饲豆1的培育及栽培技术

为适应畜牧企业需求,提高牛奶蛋白质含量,亟需选育饲用型或粮饲兼用型大豆新品种。东农饲豆1是东北农业大学2013年以黑龙江省主栽高产优质大豆品种合丰50为母本,以胰蛋白酶抑制剂缺失高世代品系HZ6009为父本进行有性杂交,经系谱法及胰蛋白酶抑制剂缺失检测分子辅助方法选育而成的产量及品质性状优异且Kunitz型胰蛋白酶抑制剂缺失的大豆新品种。该品种高油、高产,中抗灰斑病,适宜黑龙江省第二积温带≥10℃活动积温2400℃以上区域种植。该品种的育成满足了粮油、青贮、优质饲料等多种用途,应用前景广阔。2023年通过黑龙江省品种审定委员会审定,审编号为黑审豆2023Z0006。