Within the agricultural sector,animal production contributes to 14.5%of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and produces around 37%of global CH_(4) emissions,mainly due to ruminal fermentation in ruminants.O...Within the agricultural sector,animal production contributes to 14.5%of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and produces around 37%of global CH_(4) emissions,mainly due to ruminal fermentation in ruminants.Over 90%of CH_(4) is synthesized by methanogens in the rumen during carbohydrate fermentation.According to different substrates,methanogenesis pathways can be divided into four categories:(1)hydrogenotrophic pathway;(2)acetoclastic pathway;(3)methyl dismutation pathway;and(4)methylreducing pathway.Based on the principle of biochemical reactions in the methanogenesis pathways,this paper reviews the latest publications on CH_(4) decreases in ruminants and described three nutritional strategies in terms of dietary nutrient manipulation(feeding management,feed composition,forage quality and lipids),microbial manipulation(ionophore,defaunation,methanogen inhibitors and probiotics),and chemical manipulation(nitrate,organic acids,plant secondary metabolites and phlorotannins,or halides in seaweeds).For each mitigation strategy,the review discusses effectiveness for decreasing CH_(4) emissions,application prescription,and feed safety based on results from in vitro and in vivo studies.This review summarizes different nutritional strategies to mitigate CH_(4) emissions and proposed comprehensive approaches for future feeding interventions and applications in the livestock industry.展开更多
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1304201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102573).
文摘Within the agricultural sector,animal production contributes to 14.5%of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and produces around 37%of global CH_(4) emissions,mainly due to ruminal fermentation in ruminants.Over 90%of CH_(4) is synthesized by methanogens in the rumen during carbohydrate fermentation.According to different substrates,methanogenesis pathways can be divided into four categories:(1)hydrogenotrophic pathway;(2)acetoclastic pathway;(3)methyl dismutation pathway;and(4)methylreducing pathway.Based on the principle of biochemical reactions in the methanogenesis pathways,this paper reviews the latest publications on CH_(4) decreases in ruminants and described three nutritional strategies in terms of dietary nutrient manipulation(feeding management,feed composition,forage quality and lipids),microbial manipulation(ionophore,defaunation,methanogen inhibitors and probiotics),and chemical manipulation(nitrate,organic acids,plant secondary metabolites and phlorotannins,or halides in seaweeds).For each mitigation strategy,the review discusses effectiveness for decreasing CH_(4) emissions,application prescription,and feed safety based on results from in vitro and in vivo studies.This review summarizes different nutritional strategies to mitigate CH_(4) emissions and proposed comprehensive approaches for future feeding interventions and applications in the livestock industry.
