Insight into deformation allocation in the multi-pass roll forming of a double-walled brazed tube

Deformation allocation is an important factor that affects 720°curling forming from copper-coated steel strips to double-walled brazed tubes(DWBTs).In this study,four schemes of deformation allocation,considering different weights of the total feed distance,are proposed,and a 3D finite element(FE)model of the multi-pass roll forming process for DWBT is developed and verified to investigate the cross-sectional evolution and deformation features.The results show the following.(i)In the 720°curling forming process from the steel strip into double-walled tubes,the curvature of the formed circular arc initially increases and then remains stable with roll forming,and the inner and outer tubes of the DWBT are formed in the third and fifth forming passes.Size forming can eliminate the gap between the double walls and improve the overall roundness.(ii)For different deformation allocations,the cross-sectional profiles of the roll-formed parts exhibit a discrepancy,and the deformation amount varies with the roll-forming process.The deformation amount in Scheme three is the maximum,and the cross-sectional profile deviates significantly from the ideal shape and fails to form a DWBT,which indicates that the deformation allocation is unsuitable.(iii)The roundness of the outer tube is better than that of the inner tube.Therefore,the roundness of the inner tube is the key to restricting the forming accuracy of the DWBT.Compared with Schemes one and two,Scheme four with a linear allocation of the total feed distance exhibits the best roundness,and the deformation allocation is reasonable;i.e.,when the contact points between the rollers and steel strip are in a straight line,the roundness of the DWBT is in good agreement with the ideal condition.

渤海和北黄海CDOM的来源、时空分布及其调控机制

有色溶解有机物(CDOM)是DOM储库中具有光学特性的部分,对海洋碳循环具有重要的影响。依据2019年7月和12月的两个航次调查资料,本文分析了夏、冬两季渤海和北黄海CDOM的来源、时空分布及其调控机制。渤海和北黄海CDOM的来源存在差异,渤海主要受控于陆源输入,局部海域受现场生产的显著影响;北黄海主要受现场生产的影响。研究海域内CDOM的丰度、分子量及类腐殖质组分均呈现近岸高远岸低的水平分布特征,类蛋白组分呈斑块状分布特征。无论是夏季还是冬季,渤海CDOM的丰度、分子量及类腐殖质组分均高于北黄海,类蛋白组分在两海域的差异相对较小。渤海和北黄海夏季CDOM的吸光性质变化范围较宽,由夏季至冬季,在光降解及微生物降解过程的持续作用下,活性CDOM逐渐消耗或者部分转化为惰性CDOM,致使冬季CDOM的吸光性质变化范围收窄,差异明显降低。

Three new species of imitator-group of the genus Macrophya(Hymenoptera,Tenthredinidae) from China

Three species, Macrophya circulotibialis Li, Liu ＆ Heng, sp. nov., M. curvatitheca Li, Liu ＆ Heng, sp. nov. and M. changbaina Li, Liu ＆ Heng, sp. nov., of the imitator-group of the genus Macrophya Dahlbom （Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae） from China are described as new to science. A key to all known species of the imitator-group from China is provided. The specimens examined in this study, including all holotypes and paratypes of the new species, are deposited in the Insect Collection of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China, and the Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

Determination of continuous constitutive relationship of weld zone of high-strength steel rectangular welded tube

For QSTE700 high-strength steel rectangular welded tube,the mechanical properties of the weld zone vary with the distancefrom the centerline of the weld.Therefore,the accurate description of constitutive relationship of the weld zone is of greatsignificance for the study of formability of QSTE700 rectangular welded tube.Firstly,the mechanical properties of parentand mixed specimens containing weld zone and parent zone were obtained by uniaxial tensile test.And based on the micro-hardness test,the width and the microhardness distribution of the weld zone were determined.Secondly,by subdividingthe weld zone into several small areas,and combining with the rule of mixtures and nanoindentation test,the continuous functional relationships of strength coefficient K,hardening coeffecient n and elastic modulus E were obtained,and then,the continuous constitutive relationship of QSTE700 rectangular welded tube was established.Finally,the validity and reliability of the continuous constitutive relationship of welded tube were verified by nanoindentation fest and rotary drawbending of rectangular welded tubc.Besides,it was found that the finite element model of rotary draw bending of QSTE700 rectangular welded tube established by using the continuous constitutive relationship can well simulate the cross sectiondeformation and wall thickness variation.

Four new species of sanguinolenta-group of the genus Macrophya (Hymenoptera:Tenthredinidae) from China

Four new species of the sanguinolenta-group of the genus Macrophya from China are described, namely M. cheni sp. nov., M. yichangensis sp. nov., M. elegansoma sp. nov., and M. reni sp. nov. The species M. cheni sp. nov. and M. yichangensis sp. nov. belong to the koreana-subgroup, while M. elegansoma sp. nov. and M. reni sp. nov. belong to the sanguinolenta-subgroup. The division of the koreana and sanguinolenta-subgroups are briefly discussed. Keys to all known species of the koreana and sanguinolenta-subgroups from China are provided, respectively. The type specimens of new species are deposited in the Insect Collection of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Palladium-catalyzed amination of chloro-substituted 5-nitropyrimidines with amines

A concise and efficient approach was developed for the synthesis of mono-substituted and di-substituted pyrimidines products via palladium-catalyzed amination of chloro-substituted 5-nitropyrimidines and amines. This synthetic methodology can produce various di-substituted pyrimidines in high yields with good functional group tolerance, and provide a complementary tool for the syntheses of important intermediates of nucleosides and purines with bioactivities.