Thyroid Dysfunction in Children Exposed to Iodinated Contrast Media:A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Iodinated contrast media(ICM)has the potential to cause thyroid dysfunction in some patients.However,it is unclear whether this relationship exists in children.We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aim to obtain a general overview of the relationship between ICM exposure and the risk of thyroid dysfunction in children.Methods:Computer search of Web of Science,EMbase,PubMed,Cochrane Library,collection of relevant literature on ICM and thyroid dysfunction in children,the search period was from the establishment of the database to July 2021.Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 software.Results:A total of 8 literatures with 3497 children.The incidence of hypothyroidism in children with ICM exposure was 0.05(95%CI:0.05,0.12),P<0.0001.Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of hypothyroidism in ICM exposed children in the European region was 0.21(95%CI:0.13,0.30),P<0.0001,a statistically significant difference.Conclusion:The current evidence shows that children exposed to ICM are at risk for hypothyroidism,with a higher risk in neonates,especially children with congenital heart disease.

Effects of orientation and distance of goats on blast lung injury characteristics on a plateau above 4500-meter

Purpose:High explosives are used to produce blast waves to study their biological effects.The lungs are considered as the critical target organ in blast-effect studies.The degree of lung hemorrhaging is related to both the explosive power and the increased lung weight.We studied the characteristics of the biological effects from an air explosion of a thermobaric bomb in a high-altitude environment and the lethality and lung injury severity of goats in different orientations and distances.Methods:Goats were placed at 2.5,3,4,and 5 m from the explosion center and exposed them to an air blast at an altitude of 4700-meter.A group of them standing oriented to the right side and the other group seated facing the explosion center vertically.The lung injuries were quantified according to the percentage of surface area contused,and using the pathologic severity scale of lung blast injury(PSSLBI)to score the 4 injury categories(slight,moderate,serious and severe)as 1,2,3,and 4,respectively.The lung coefficient(lung weight[g]/body weight[kg])was the indicator of pulmonary edema and was related to lung injury severity.Blast overpressure data were collected using blast test devices placed at matching locations to represent loadings to goats.All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS,version 26.0,statistical software(SPSS,Inc.,Chicago,IL,USA).Results:In total,127 goats were involved in this study.Right-side-standing goats had a significantly higher mortality rate than those seated vertical-facing(p<0.05).At the 2.5 m distance,the goat mortality was nearly 100%,whereas at 5 m,all the goats survived.Lung injuries of the right-side-standing goats were 1-2 grades more serious than those of seated goats at the same distances,the scores of PSSLBI were significantly higher than the seated vertical-facing goats(p<0.05).The lung coefficient of the right-side-standing goats were significantly higher than those of seated vertical-facing(p<0.05).Mortality,PSSLBI,and the lung coefficient results indicated that the right-side-standing goats experienced severer injuries than the seated vertical-facing goats,and the injuries were lessened as the distance increased.The blast overpressure was consistent with these results.Conclusion:The main killing factors of the thermobaric bomb in the high-altitude environment were blast overpressure,blast wind propulsions and burn.The orientation and distances of the goats significantly affected the blast injury severity.These results may provide a research basis for diagnosing,treating and protecting against injuries from thermobaric explosions.