Lattice Boltzmann simulation on thermal performance of composite phase change material based on Voronoi models

Phase change materials(PCMs)are important for sustaining energy development.For the thermal performance enhancement,the composite PCM with metal foam reconstructed by the Voronoi method is investigated in this work.The lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)is used to analyze the melting process on a pore scale.The melting interface evolution and temperature contour of the composite PCM are explored and compared with those of pure PCM.Moreover,structure parameters including the pore density,porosity and irregularity are investigated comprehensively,indicating that the additive of metal foam strengthens the melting performance of PCM obviously.Compared with pure PCM,the composite PCM has quick rates of the melting front evolution and heat transfer.The heat conduction plays a great role in the whole melting process since the convection is weakened for the composite PCM.To improve the melting efficiency,a larger pore density and smaller irregularity are recommended in general.More significantly,a suitable porosity is determined based on the requirement for the balance between the melting rate and heat storage capacity in practical engineering.

Identification and classification of medicinal plants in Epimedium

Epimedium(Berberidaceae)has been used as Chinese medicines for a long time in China due to the efficiency of enhancing kidney function,strengthening sinew and bone,and dispelling wind-dampness.However,it is difficult to identify them because of the morphological similarity which has focused extensive attention.In this review,the advances in identification and classification of medicinal plants in the genus were summarized.