Effect of rice cultivar on greenhouse-gas emissions from rice-fish co-culture

In aquaculture,co-culturing rice with fish may mitigate greenhouse-gas emissions.In this study,co-culture of four rice cultivars in a laboratory-scale rice–fish system reduced CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions relative to fish monoculture.Differences in CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions among rice cultivars primarily stem from the differential effects of rice plants on plant-mediated CH_(4)transport,CH_(4)oxidation and nitrogen absorption.

靶向叶酸受体α治疗卵巢癌的策略

卵巢上皮癌(EOC)约占卵巢癌症发病率的95%,是全球妇科癌症死亡率的主要原因。目前对新诊断患者的标准治疗是卵巢肿瘤细胞减灭术加新辅助或术后铂类化疗。大多数患者最初对化疗有反应,但不幸的是,高达80%的患者最终会复发,导致患者死亡。血管生成抑制剂(如贝伐单抗)和聚ADP核糖聚合酶抑制剂(如olaparib)为一部分患者提供了一些临床益处,但只能延缓铂耐药性EOC的复发。而免疫检查点抑制剂(如抗PD1/L1单克隆抗体)的大规模临床试验也未能在EOC中提供临床益处。在过去几十年中,卵巢上皮癌的5年相对生存率仅得到有限的提高,从1995年的43%提高到2018年的50%。因此,铂耐药EOC患者的治疗选择非常有限,是一个主要的未满足的临床需求。叶酸受体α(FRα)由FOLR1基因编码,由于其在EOC细胞中普遍高表达,是一个有吸引力的治疗靶点。目前,第一种FRα靶向抗体偶联药物(ADC)-mirvetuximab soravtansine(Elahere)最近已被美国FDA批准用于治疗铂耐药卵巢上皮癌。Elahere的批准重新激发了人们开发其他FRα靶向药物治疗EOC以及其他适应症的热情。

Characterization of ghrelin mRNA expression in fasting Larimichthys crocea juveniles

Larimichthys crocea is a marine fish species cultured in China.Short-term starvation is often applied to improve the quality of cultured L.crocea,and the expression of ghrelin in tissues of stomach,muscle,brain,intestines,liver,and kidney,involved in starvation response,under starvation conditions were studied to understand the effect of starvation on the expression of ghrelin in L.crocea juveniles.The ghrelin expression was tissue-specific,and expression was significantly higher in the stomach compared to other tissues(P<0.01).Additionally,ghrelin expression in different tissues changed along with prolongation of fasting.In the stomach,ghrelin expression levels increased gradually at the beginning of the fast,and then declined after eight days of fasting.Gene expression in the brain and intestines increased at the beginning of the fast,and then decreased with longer fasting time.Interestingly,ghrelin expression declined at the beginning of the fast,then increased with longer fasting in the kidneys and muscles.These results suggest that ghrelin is involved in starvation response in L.crocea juveniles.This study provids insights into ghrelin function and an important reference for the development of reasonable feeding strategies for L.crocea juveniles.

粗糙集模型的拓广

由于信息的不完备以及论域上的二元关系常常是不等价的,需要将经典粗糙集模型进行扩充。一方面,将粗糙集模型中等价关系泛化为容差关系或包含关系,可将粗糙集模型的适用范围扩大,在此基础上研究其上、下近似算子,并通过案例对比两种关系的差别;另一方面,从基本知识粒度的构造和知识的表示方法上,研究基于邻域系统和粒度两个方面的上、下近似算子。

A Simple Deep Learning Network for Classification of 3D Mobile LiDAR Point Clouds

Automatic and accurate classification is a fundamental problem to the analysis and modeling of LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging)data.Recently,convolutional neural network(ConvNet or CNN)has achieved remarkable performance in image recognition and computer vision.While significant efforts have also been made to develop various deep networks for satellite image scene classification,it still needs to further investigate suitable deep learning network frameworks for 3D dense mobile laser scanning(MLS)data.In this paper,we present a simple deep CNN for multiple object classification based on multi-scale context representation.For the pointwise classification,we first extracted the neighboring points within spatial context and transformed them into a three-channel image for each point.Then,the classification task can be treated as the image recognition using CNN.The proposed CNN architecture adopted common convolution,maximum pooling and rectified linear unit(ReLU)layers,which combined multiple deeper network layers.After being trained and tested on approximately seven million labeled MLS points,the deep CNN model can classify accurately into nine classes.Comparing with the widely used ResNet algorithm,this model performs better precision and recall rates,and less processing time,which indicated the significant potential of deep-learning-based methods in MLS data classification.

Observation of high ionic conductivity of polyelectrolyte microgels in salt-free solutions

Here, we report an observation that illustrate the potential of polyelectrolyte microgels in salt-free solutions to display a high ionic conductivity. Laser light scattering and ionic conductivity tests on very dilute aqueous dispersions of the microgels indicate that both small size and swollen state of gel particles play vital roles, which should favor the counterions to freely penetrate and leave gel particles, and thus can contribute to the ion-conducting property. Upon discovering this on microgels that are composed of imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid), we also illustrate the generality of the finding to single lithium-ion polyelectrolyte microgels that are of more technically relevant features for applications, for instance, as injectable liquid “microgel-in-solution” electrolytes of high conductivity(ca. 8.2 × 10^(-2)S/m at 25.0 ℃ for1.0 × 10^(-2)g/m L of microgels in a LiNO_(3)-free 1:1 v/v mixture of 1,2-dioxolane and dimethoxymethane) and high lithium-ion transference number(0.87) for use in the rechargeable lithium-sulfur battery.

Quasinormal modes and late time tails of perturbation fields on a Schwarzschild-like black hole with a global monopole in the Einstein-bumblebee theory

In this paper we complete a systematic study on quasinormal modes(QNMs) and late time tails for scalar,Dirac and Maxwell fields on a spherically symmetric Schwarzschild-like black hole with a global monopole in the Einstein-bumblebee theory.To look for QNMs,we solve the equations of motion for all perturbation fields considered herein numerically,by employing both the matrix and the WKB methods,and find good agreements for numeric data obtained by these two techniques in the regime when both are valid.The impact of the bumblebee parameter c,the monopole parameter η^(2),and the multipole number l on the fundamental quasinormal frequency are analyzed in detail.Our results are shown in terms of the quasinormal frequency measured by √1+c M ,where M is a black hole mass parameter.We observe,by increasing the parameter c(η^(2)) with fixed first few l,that the real part of QNMs increases for all spin fields;while the magnitude of the imaginary part decreases for scalar and Dirac fields but increases for Maxwell fields.By increasing the multipole numberlwith fixed other parameters,we disclose that the real part of QNMs for all spin fields increases while the magnitude of the imaginary part decreases for scalar and Dirac fields but increases for Maxwell fields.In the eikonal limit(l>>n),QNMs for all spin fields coincide with each other and the real part scale linearly with l.In particular,the asymptotic QNMs approach the corresponding results given by the first order WKB formula,and only the real part of QNMs is dependent on the bumblebee and monopole parameters.In addition,it is shown that the late time behavior is determined not only by the multipole number but also by the bumblebee and monopole parameters,and is distinct for bosonic and fermonic fields.Moreover,the presence of the bumblebee(monopole) field makes the spin fields decay faster.Our results indicate,both in the context of QNMs and late time tails,that the bumblebee field and the monopole field play the same role in determining the dynamic evolution of perturbation fields.

Enhanced thermal conductivity of epoxy composites with core-shell SiC@SiO_(2) nanowires

Electronic packaging materials and thermal interface materials(TIMs)are widely used in thermal management.In this study,the epoxy composites with core-shell structure SiC@SiO_(2) nanowires(SiC@SiO_(2) NWs)as fillers could effectively enhance the thermal conductivity of epoxy composites.The unique structure of fillers results in a high thermal conductivity of epoxy composites,which is attributed to good interfacial compatibility epoxy matrix and bridging connections of SiC@SiO_(2) NWs.From neat epoxy to 2.5 wt%loading of SiC@SiO_(2) NWs,the thermal conductivity is significantly increased from 0.218 to 0.391 W m^(−1) K^(−1),increased by 79.4%.In addition,the composite with 2.5 wt%filler possess lower coefficient of thermal expansion and better thermal stability than that of neat epoxy.All these outstanding properties imply that epoxy/SiC@SiO_(2) NWs composites could be the ideal candidate for TIM.

HiC-3DViewer： a new tool to visualize Hi-C data in 3D space

Background： Although significant progress has been made to map chromatin structure at unprecedented resolution and scales, we are short of tools that enable the intuitive visualization and navigation along the three-dimensional （3D） structure of chromatins. The available tools people have so far are generally script-based or present basic features that do not easily enable the integration of genomic data along with 3D chromatin structure, hence, many scientists find themselves in the obligation to hack tools designed for other purposes such as tools for protein structure study. Methods： We present HiC-3DViewer, a new browser-based interactive tool designed to provide an intuitive environment for investigators to facilitate the 3D exploratory analysis of Hi-C data along with many useful annotation functionalities. Among the key features of HiC-3DViewer relevant to chromatin conformation studies, the most important one is the 1D-to-2D-to-3D mapping, to highlight genomic regions of interest interactively. This feature enables investigators to explore their data at different levels/angels. Additionally, investigators can superpose different genomic signals （such as ChIP-Seq, SNP） on the top of the 3D structure. Results： As a proof of principle we applied HiC-3DViewer to investigate the quality of Hi-C data and to show the spatial binding of GATA1 and GATA2 along the genome. Conclusions： As a user-friendly tool, HiC-3DViewer enables the visualization of inter/intra-chromatin interactions and gives users the flexibility to customize the look-and-feel of the 3D structure with a simple click. HiC-3DViewer is implemented in Javascript and Python, and is freely available at： http：//bioinfo.au.tsinghua.edu.cn/member/nadhir/ HiC3DViewer/. Supplementary information （User Manual, demo data） is also available at this website.

Effects of phosphate on the transport of graphene oxide nanoparticles in saturated clean and iron oxide-coated sand columns

In this study, transport behaviors of graphene oxide(GO) in saturated uncoated(i.e., clean sand) and goethite-coated sand porous media were examined as a function of the phosphate. We found that phosphate enhanced the transport of GO over a wide range of solution chemistry(i.e., pH 5.0–9.0 and the presence of 10 mmol/L Na^(+) or 0.5 mmol/L Ca^(2+)). The results were mainly ascribed to the increase of electrostatic repulsion between nanoparticles and porous media. Meanwhile, deposition site competition induced by the retained phosphate was another important mechanism leading to promote GO transport. Interestingly, when the phosphate concentration increased from 0.1 to 1.0 mmol/L, the transportenhancement effect of phosphate in goethite-coated sand was to a much larger extent than that in clean sand. The observations were primarily related to the difference in the total mass of retained phosphate between the iron oxide-coated sand and clean sand columns, which resulted in different degrees of the electrostatic repulsion and competitive effect of phosphate. When the background solution contained 0.5 mmol/L Ca^(2+), phosphate could be bind to sand/goethite-coated sand surface by cation bridging;and consequently, promoted competition between phosphate and nanoparticles for deposition sites, which was an important mechanism for the enhanced effect of phosphate. Moreover, the DLVO theory was applicable to describe GO transport behaviors in porous media in the absence or presence of phosphate. Taken together, these findings highlight the important status and role of phosphate on the transport and fate of colloidal graphene oxide in the subsurface environment.

Self-consistent effective-one-body theory for spinless binaries based on post-Minkowskian approximation I:Hamiltonian and decoupled equation forψ^(B)_(4)

To build a self-consistent effective-one-body(EOB)theory,in which the Hamiltonian,radiation-reaction force and waveform for the“plus”and“cross”modes of the gravitational wave should be based on the same effective background spacetime,the key step is to look for the decoupled equation forψ^(B)_(4)=h_(+)−ih_(×),which seems a very difficult task because there are non-vanishing tetrad components of the tracefree Ricci tensor for such spacetime.Fortunately,based on an effective spacetime obtained in this paper by using the post-Minkowskian(PM)approximation,we find the decoupled equation forψ^(B)_(4)by dividing the perturbation part of the metric into the odd and even parities.With the effective metric and decoupled equation at hand,we set up a frame of self-consistent EOB model for spinless binaries.

New self-consistent effective one-body theory for spinless binaries based on the post-Minkowskian approximation

The effective one-body theories, introduced by Buonanno and Damour, are novel approaches to constructing a gravitational waveform template. By taking a gauge in which ψ_(1)^(B) and ψ_(3)^(B) vanish, we find a decoupled equation with separable variables for ψ_(4)^(B) in the effective metric obtained in the post-Minkowskian approximation. Furthermore, we set up a new self-consistent effective one-body theory for spinless binaries, which can be applicable to any post-Minkowskian orders. This theory not only releases the assumption that v/c should be a small quantity but also resolves the contradiction that the Hamiltonian, radiation-reaction force, and waveform are constructed from different physical models in the effective one-body theory with the post-Newtonian approximation. Compared with our previous theory [Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. 65, 260411(2022)], the computational effort for the radiation-reaction force and waveform in this new theory will be tremendously reduced.

Test of a model coupling of electromagnetic and gravitational fields by using high-frequency gravitational waves

Models of the coupling of electromagnetic and gravitational fields have been studied extensively for many years. In this paper,we consider the coupling between the Maxwell field and the Weyl tensor of the gravitational field to study how the wavevector of the electromagnetic wave is affected by a plane gravitational wave. We find that the wavevector depends upon the frequency and direction of polarization of the electromagnetic waves, the parameter that couples the Maxwell field and the Weyl tensor, and the angle between the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave and the coordinate axis. The results show that this coupling model can be tested by the detection of high-frequency gravitational waves.

Holographic insulator/superconductor phase transitions with excited states

We construct a family of solutions of the holographic insulator/superconductor phase transitions with the excited states in the AdS soliton background by using both the numerical and analytical methods. The interesting point is that the improved SturmLiouville method can not only analytically investigate the properties of the phase transition with the excited states, but also the distributions of the condensed fields in the vicinity of the critical point. We observe that, regardless of the type of the holographic model, the excited state has a higher critical chemical potential than the corresponding ground state, and the difference of the dimensionless critical chemical potential between the consecutive states is around 2.4, which is different from the finding of the metal/superconductor phase transition in the Ad S black hole background. Furthermore, near the critical point, we find that the phase transition of the systems is of the second order and a linear relationship exists between the charge density and chemical potential for all the excited states in both s-wave and p-wave insulator/superconductor models.

Optimal Convergence Rate of q-Maruyama Method for StochasticVolterra Integro-Differential Equations with Riemann-Liouville Fractional Brownian Motion

This paper mainly considers the optimal convergence analysis of the q-Maruyama method for stochastic Volterra integro-differential equations(SVIDEs)driven by Riemann-Liouville fractional Brownian motion under the global Lipschitz and linear growth conditions.Firstly,based on the contraction mapping principle,we prove the well-posedness of the analytical solutions of the SVIDEs.Secondly,we show that the q-Maruyama method for the SVIDEs can achieve strong first-order convergence.In particular,when the q-Maruyama method degenerates to the explicit Euler-Maruyama method,our result improves the conclusion that the convergence rate is H+1/2,H∈(0,1/2)by Yang et al.,J.Comput.Appl.Math.,383(2021),113156.Finally,the numerical experiment verifies our theoretical results.