Integrating Tiny Machine Learning(TinyML)with edge computing in remotely sensed images enhances the capabilities of road anomaly detection on a broader level.Constrained devices efficiently implement a Binary Neural N...Integrating Tiny Machine Learning(TinyML)with edge computing in remotely sensed images enhances the capabilities of road anomaly detection on a broader level.Constrained devices efficiently implement a Binary Neural Network(BNN)for road feature extraction,utilizing quantization and compression through a pruning strategy.The modifications resulted in a 28-fold decrease in memory usage and a 25%enhancement in inference speed while only experiencing a 2.5%decrease in accuracy.It showcases its superiority over conventional detection algorithms in different road image scenarios.Although constrained by computer resources and training datasets,our results indicate opportunities for future research,demonstrating that quantization and focused optimization can significantly improve machine learning models’accuracy and operational efficiency.ARM Cortex-M0 gives practical feasibility and substantial benefits while deploying our optimized BNN model on this low-power device:Advanced machine learning in edge computing.The analysis work delves into the educational significance of TinyML and its essential function in analyzing road networks using remote sensing,suggesting ways to improve smart city frameworks in road network assessment,traffic management,and autonomous vehicle navigation systems by emphasizing the importance of new technologies for maintaining and safeguarding road networks.展开更多
Si-based thermoelectric(TE)materials are exhibiting remarkable perspectives in self-energized applications with their special advantages.However,the relatively high total thermal conductivity(κ)prevents their TE enha...Si-based thermoelectric(TE)materials are exhibiting remarkable perspectives in self-energized applications with their special advantages.However,the relatively high total thermal conductivity(κ)prevents their TE enhancement.Here,a strategy of co-compositing dual oxides was implemented for enhancing the TE properties of p-type Si_(80)Ge_(20) bulks.Composited Ga2O_(3) was demonstrated to enhance the power factor(PF)due to the crystallization-induced effect of produced Ga by decomposition on SiGe matrix.Associating with compositing SiO_(2) aerogel(a-SiO_(2))powder,not only introduced the fine amorphous inclusions and decreased the grain size of host matrix,but also various nano morphologies were formed,i.e.,nano inclusions,precipitations,twin boundaries(TBs),and faults.Combining with the eutectic Ge,hierarchical scattering centers impeded the phonon transport comprehensively(decreasing the phonon group velocity(a v)and relaxation time)for reducing the lattice-induced thermal conductivity(lκ).As a result,a minimumκof 2.38 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1) was achieved,which is significantly dropped by 32.6%in contrast with that of the pristine counterpart.Ultimately,a maximal dimensionless figure of merit(ZT)of 0.9 was achieved at 600℃,which is better than those of most corresponding oxide-composited Si-based bulks.展开更多
Dear Editor,Liver cancer as a common malignant tumor has become a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide.1 Currently,four synthetic drugs and three monoclonal antibody drugs have been approved for the treat...Dear Editor,Liver cancer as a common malignant tumor has become a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide.1 Currently,four synthetic drugs and three monoclonal antibody drugs have been approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)since 2007.Whereas,the disadvantages of the above drugs such as low response rates,severe side effects,and drug resistance hamper their therapeutic effects.Structurally and biologically diverse natural products are a major source in the search for novel antihepatoma agents.展开更多
Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been widely studied because of their low cost,low standard redox potential,and abundant sodium availability.However,the structural rupture during the Na+insertion/extraction processes an...Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been widely studied because of their low cost,low standard redox potential,and abundant sodium availability.However,the structural rupture during the Na+insertion/extraction processes and the poor conductivity of the anode material limit its cycling stability and rate capability.Herein,SnSe@C was prepared by high-temperature annealing with dopamine hydrochloride as the carbon source,while SnSe was prepared by a protein reduction method.The carbon layer not only works as a protective layer to limit the volume expansion of SnSe and reduce the dissolution of Na 2 Se and poly-selenides generated during the discharge process in the electrolyte,but also as a conductive matrix to expedite electron transfer,thereby boosting the cycling stability and rate capability of SnSe@C.Benefiting from the above advantages,SnSe@C exhibits a specific capacity of 211.3 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1) after 110 cycles and outstanging rate capability(210.1 mAh g^(−1) at 5.0 A g^(−1) and capacity retention rate of 63.2%from 0.1 to 1.0 A g^(−1)).This study not only proposes an idea for promoting the cycling stability and rate capability of SnSe,but also paves the way for providing anodic materials with a stable structure for SIBs.展开更多
The extraction of pavement cracks is always a hard task in image processing.In airport and road construction,cracking is the main factor for pavement damage,which can decrease the quality of pavement and affect transp...The extraction of pavement cracks is always a hard task in image processing.In airport and road construction,cracking is the main factor for pavement damage,which can decrease the quality of pavement and affect transportation seriously.Cracks also exist in other artificial or natural objects,such as buildings,bridges,tunnels,etc.Among all the object images,pavement crack images are the most complex,so the image processing and analysis for them is harder than other crack images.From the early image acquisition based on photography technology to the current 3 D laser scanning technology,the pavement crack image acquisition technology is becoming more convenient and efficient,but there are still challenges in the automatic processing and recognition of cracks in images.From the early global thresholding to deep learning algorithms,the research for crack extraction has been developed for about 40 years.There are many methods and algorithms that are satisfactory in pavement crack applications,but there is no standard until today.Therefore,in order to know the developing history and the advanced research,we have collected a number of literature in this research topic for summarizing the research artwork status,and giving a review of the pavement crack image acquisition methods and2 D crack extraction algorithms.Also,for image acquisition methods and pavement crack image segmentation,more detailed comparison and discussions are made.展开更多
The Rho family of GTPases is strictly regulated by a large family of GTPase-activating proteins(GAPs)that stimulate the relatively weak intrinsic GTP-hydrolyzing activity of Rho GTPases.p190A is a potent and widely ex...The Rho family of GTPases is strictly regulated by a large family of GTPase-activating proteins(GAPs)that stimulate the relatively weak intrinsic GTP-hydrolyzing activity of Rho GTPases.p190A is a potent and widely expressed GAP that acts on RhoA GTPases.p190A is frequently mutated in endometrial cancer,but the contribution of p190A mutations to endometrial tumorigenesis remains unclear.Here we identified that p190A is an upstream regulator of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway,which is a critical regulator of cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cell fate.p190A knockout in endometrial cancer cells promoted cell proliferation,migration,and epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT),which were partially dependent on YAP activation.Wild-type p190A,but not endometrial cancer-associated mutants,suppressed the nuclear localization,transcriptional activity,and malignant transformation function of YAP.Moreover,the nuclear localization of YAP was enhanced in p190A-mutated endometrial cancer.These findings reveal novel molecular mechanisms underlying Hippo-YAP pathway-driven endometrial tumorigenesis and elucidate the potential for therapy targeting the Hippo-YAP pathway in p190A-mutated endometrial cancer.展开更多
Cracks are a major sign of aging transportation infrastructure.The detection and repair of cracks is the key to ensuring the overall safety of the transportation infrastructure.In recent years,due to the remarkable su...Cracks are a major sign of aging transportation infrastructure.The detection and repair of cracks is the key to ensuring the overall safety of the transportation infrastructure.In recent years,due to the remarkable success of deep learning(DL)in the field of crack detection,many researches have been devoted to developing pixel-level crack image segmentation(CIS)models based on DL to improve crack detection accuracy,but as far as we know there is no review of DL-based CIS methods yet.To address this gap,we present a comprehensive thematic survey of DL-based CIS techniques.Our review offers several contributions to the CIS area.First,more than 40 papers of journal or top conference most published in the last three years are identified and collected based on the systematic literature review method.Second,according to the backbone network architecture of the models proposed in them,they are grouped into 10 topics:FCN,U-Net,encoder-decoder model,multi-scale,attention mechanism,transformer,two-stage detection,multi-modal fusion,unsupervised learning and weakly supervised learning,to be reviewed.Meanwhile,our survey focuses on discussing strengths and limitations of the models in each topic so as to reveal the latest research progress in the CIS field.Third,publicly accessible data sets,evaluation metrics,and loss functions that can be used for pixel-level crack detection are systematically introduced and summarized to facilitate researchers to select suitable components according to their own research tasks.Finally,we discuss six common problems and existing solutions to them in the field of DL-based CIS,and then suggest eight possible future research directions in this field.展开更多
Mitochondria are well known to be“energy factories”of the cell as they provide intracellular ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.Interestingly,they also function as a“cellular suicidal weapon store”by acting as a ke...Mitochondria are well known to be“energy factories”of the cell as they provide intracellular ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.Interestingly,they also function as a“cellular suicidal weapon store”by acting as a key mediator of various forms of regulated cell death,including apoptosis,pyroptosis,necroptosis,and ferroptosis.Ferroptosis,distinct from the other types of regulated cell death,is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and subsequent plasma membrane rupture.Growing evidence suggests that an impaired ferroptotic response is implicated in various diseases and pathological conditions,and this impaired response is associated with dramatic changes in mitochondrial morphology and function.Mitochondria are the center of iron metabolism and energy production,leading to altered lipid peroxidation sensitivity.Although a growing number of studies have explored the inextricable link between mitochondria and ferroptosis,the role of this organelle in regulating ferroptosis remains unclear.Here,we review recent advances in our understanding of the role of mitochondria in ferroptosis and summarize the characteristics of this novel iron-based cellular suicide weapon and its arsenal.We also discuss the importance of ferroptosis in pathophysiology,including the need for further understanding of the relationship between mitochondria and ferroptosis to identify combinatorial targets that are essential for the development of successful drug discovery.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61170147)Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education in China(Y202146796)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province in China(LTY22F020003)Wenzhou Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China(ZG2021029)Scientific and Technological Projects of Henan Province in China(202102210172).
文摘Integrating Tiny Machine Learning(TinyML)with edge computing in remotely sensed images enhances the capabilities of road anomaly detection on a broader level.Constrained devices efficiently implement a Binary Neural Network(BNN)for road feature extraction,utilizing quantization and compression through a pruning strategy.The modifications resulted in a 28-fold decrease in memory usage and a 25%enhancement in inference speed while only experiencing a 2.5%decrease in accuracy.It showcases its superiority over conventional detection algorithms in different road image scenarios.Although constrained by computer resources and training datasets,our results indicate opportunities for future research,demonstrating that quantization and focused optimization can significantly improve machine learning models’accuracy and operational efficiency.ARM Cortex-M0 gives practical feasibility and substantial benefits while deploying our optimized BNN model on this low-power device:Advanced machine learning in edge computing.The analysis work delves into the educational significance of TinyML and its essential function in analyzing road networks using remote sensing,suggesting ways to improve smart city frameworks in road network assessment,traffic management,and autonomous vehicle navigation systems by emphasizing the importance of new technologies for maintaining and safeguarding road networks.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.U21A2054,52061009,52273285,and 52262032)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.2020GXNSFAA159111)+1 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Project (Grant Nos.2021AC19206 and AD20159006)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2017YFE0198000).
文摘Si-based thermoelectric(TE)materials are exhibiting remarkable perspectives in self-energized applications with their special advantages.However,the relatively high total thermal conductivity(κ)prevents their TE enhancement.Here,a strategy of co-compositing dual oxides was implemented for enhancing the TE properties of p-type Si_(80)Ge_(20) bulks.Composited Ga2O_(3) was demonstrated to enhance the power factor(PF)due to the crystallization-induced effect of produced Ga by decomposition on SiGe matrix.Associating with compositing SiO_(2) aerogel(a-SiO_(2))powder,not only introduced the fine amorphous inclusions and decreased the grain size of host matrix,but also various nano morphologies were formed,i.e.,nano inclusions,precipitations,twin boundaries(TBs),and faults.Combining with the eutectic Ge,hierarchical scattering centers impeded the phonon transport comprehensively(decreasing the phonon group velocity(a v)and relaxation time)for reducing the lattice-induced thermal conductivity(lκ).As a result,a minimumκof 2.38 W·m^(−1)·K^(−1) was achieved,which is significantly dropped by 32.6%in contrast with that of the pristine counterpart.Ultimately,a maximal dimensionless figure of merit(ZT)of 0.9 was achieved at 600℃,which is better than those of most corresponding oxide-composited Si-based bulks.
基金This work was financially supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22137008)the Xingdian Yingcai Project(YNWR-KJLJ-2019-002)+4 种基金the Youth Fund Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82104040)the Funded by CAS Special Research Assistant(E12D9211Q1)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(2020386)the Reserve Talents of Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders in Yunnan Province(202105AC160021)Postdoctoral Directional Training Foundation of Yunnan Province(E131821261).The authors are grateful to Prof.Jian Ding,Prof.Hongchun Liu,and Dr.Hui Xu(Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,Chinese Academy of Sciences)for their kind help in cytotoxic assay against THLE-2 cells,to Ms.Yaomei He and Senior Engineer Lian Yang(Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences)for their help in network pharmacology analysis and the isothermal titration calorimetry and Surface Plasmon Resonance assay.
文摘Dear Editor,Liver cancer as a common malignant tumor has become a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide.1 Currently,four synthetic drugs and three monoclonal antibody drugs have been approved for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)since 2007.Whereas,the disadvantages of the above drugs such as low response rates,severe side effects,and drug resistance hamper their therapeutic effects.Structurally and biologically diverse natural products are a major source in the search for novel antihepatoma agents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(No.52062030)Applied Basic Research of Qinghai Province(2021-ZJ-737).
文摘Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been widely studied because of their low cost,low standard redox potential,and abundant sodium availability.However,the structural rupture during the Na+insertion/extraction processes and the poor conductivity of the anode material limit its cycling stability and rate capability.Herein,SnSe@C was prepared by high-temperature annealing with dopamine hydrochloride as the carbon source,while SnSe was prepared by a protein reduction method.The carbon layer not only works as a protective layer to limit the volume expansion of SnSe and reduce the dissolution of Na 2 Se and poly-selenides generated during the discharge process in the electrolyte,but also as a conductive matrix to expedite electron transfer,thereby boosting the cycling stability and rate capability of SnSe@C.Benefiting from the above advantages,SnSe@C exhibits a specific capacity of 211.3 mAh g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1) after 110 cycles and outstanging rate capability(210.1 mAh g^(−1) at 5.0 A g^(−1) and capacity retention rate of 63.2%from 0.1 to 1.0 A g^(−1)).This study not only proposes an idea for promoting the cycling stability and rate capability of SnSe,but also paves the way for providing anodic materials with a stable structure for SIBs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Fund in China(grant No.61170147)the National Natural Science Key Fund in China(grant No.U1401252).
文摘The extraction of pavement cracks is always a hard task in image processing.In airport and road construction,cracking is the main factor for pavement damage,which can decrease the quality of pavement and affect transportation seriously.Cracks also exist in other artificial or natural objects,such as buildings,bridges,tunnels,etc.Among all the object images,pavement crack images are the most complex,so the image processing and analysis for them is harder than other crack images.From the early image acquisition based on photography technology to the current 3 D laser scanning technology,the pavement crack image acquisition technology is becoming more convenient and efficient,but there are still challenges in the automatic processing and recognition of cracks in images.From the early global thresholding to deep learning algorithms,the research for crack extraction has been developed for about 40 years.There are many methods and algorithms that are satisfactory in pavement crack applications,but there is no standard until today.Therefore,in order to know the developing history and the advanced research,we have collected a number of literature in this research topic for summarizing the research artwork status,and giving a review of the pavement crack image acquisition methods and2 D crack extraction algorithms.Also,for image acquisition methods and pavement crack image segmentation,more detailed comparison and discussions are made.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(numbers 91954106 and 81872109 to K.G.,number 81672574 to X.W.,and number 81601247 to B.L.)the Shanghai Municipal Medical and Health Discipline Construction Projects(number 2017ZZ02015 to X.W.)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(number 18ZR1430100 to K.G.)the Shanghai Clinical Medicine Field Project of Science and Technology Innovation Action Program(number 17411951600 to X.W.).
文摘The Rho family of GTPases is strictly regulated by a large family of GTPase-activating proteins(GAPs)that stimulate the relatively weak intrinsic GTP-hydrolyzing activity of Rho GTPases.p190A is a potent and widely expressed GAP that acts on RhoA GTPases.p190A is frequently mutated in endometrial cancer,but the contribution of p190A mutations to endometrial tumorigenesis remains unclear.Here we identified that p190A is an upstream regulator of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway,which is a critical regulator of cell proliferation,apoptosis,and cell fate.p190A knockout in endometrial cancer cells promoted cell proliferation,migration,and epithelial–mesenchymal transition(EMT),which were partially dependent on YAP activation.Wild-type p190A,but not endometrial cancer-associated mutants,suppressed the nuclear localization,transcriptional activity,and malignant transformation function of YAP.Moreover,the nuclear localization of YAP was enhanced in p190A-mutated endometrial cancer.These findings reveal novel molecular mechanisms underlying Hippo-YAP pathway-driven endometrial tumorigenesis and elucidate the potential for therapy targeting the Hippo-YAP pathway in p190A-mutated endometrial cancer.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61971005)the Scientific Research Project of Department of Transport of Shaanxi Province in 2020(No.20-24K)+2 种基金the Key Project of Baoji University of Arts and Science(ZK2018013)Research Project of Department of Education of Zhejiang Province(Y202146796)Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Wenzhou City(ZG2021029)。
文摘Cracks are a major sign of aging transportation infrastructure.The detection and repair of cracks is the key to ensuring the overall safety of the transportation infrastructure.In recent years,due to the remarkable success of deep learning(DL)in the field of crack detection,many researches have been devoted to developing pixel-level crack image segmentation(CIS)models based on DL to improve crack detection accuracy,but as far as we know there is no review of DL-based CIS methods yet.To address this gap,we present a comprehensive thematic survey of DL-based CIS techniques.Our review offers several contributions to the CIS area.First,more than 40 papers of journal or top conference most published in the last three years are identified and collected based on the systematic literature review method.Second,according to the backbone network architecture of the models proposed in them,they are grouped into 10 topics:FCN,U-Net,encoder-decoder model,multi-scale,attention mechanism,transformer,two-stage detection,multi-modal fusion,unsupervised learning and weakly supervised learning,to be reviewed.Meanwhile,our survey focuses on discussing strengths and limitations of the models in each topic so as to reveal the latest research progress in the CIS field.Third,publicly accessible data sets,evaluation metrics,and loss functions that can be used for pixel-level crack detection are systematically introduced and summarized to facilitate researchers to select suitable components according to their own research tasks.Finally,we discuss six common problems and existing solutions to them in the field of DL-based CIS,and then suggest eight possible future research directions in this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation projects of China(92157202,32025010,92254301,3221101041,31900614,31970709,81901275,32070729,32100619,and 32170747)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA16030505)+7 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1103800,2019YFA0904500,and 2018YFA0107100)the Key Research Program,CAS(ZDBS-ZRKJZ-TLC003 and QYZDBSSW-SMC001)International Cooperation Program,CAS(154144KYSB20200006)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-075)Guangdong Province Science and Technology Program(2020B1212060052,2020A1515011200,2020A1515010919,2020A1515011410,2021A1515012513,2021B1515020096,and 2022A1515012616)Guangzhou Science and Technology Program(202002030277,202102020827,and 202102080066)Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710149)CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association(to Y.W.and K.C.).
文摘Mitochondria are well known to be“energy factories”of the cell as they provide intracellular ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.Interestingly,they also function as a“cellular suicidal weapon store”by acting as a key mediator of various forms of regulated cell death,including apoptosis,pyroptosis,necroptosis,and ferroptosis.Ferroptosis,distinct from the other types of regulated cell death,is characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and subsequent plasma membrane rupture.Growing evidence suggests that an impaired ferroptotic response is implicated in various diseases and pathological conditions,and this impaired response is associated with dramatic changes in mitochondrial morphology and function.Mitochondria are the center of iron metabolism and energy production,leading to altered lipid peroxidation sensitivity.Although a growing number of studies have explored the inextricable link between mitochondria and ferroptosis,the role of this organelle in regulating ferroptosis remains unclear.Here,we review recent advances in our understanding of the role of mitochondria in ferroptosis and summarize the characteristics of this novel iron-based cellular suicide weapon and its arsenal.We also discuss the importance of ferroptosis in pathophysiology,including the need for further understanding of the relationship between mitochondria and ferroptosis to identify combinatorial targets that are essential for the development of successful drug discovery.