Cadherin,aminopeptidase N(APN)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)have been characterized as Cry receptors.In this study,comparative genomic analysis of the 3 receptor families was performed in 7 insects.ALPs and APNs are di...Cadherin,aminopeptidase N(APN)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)have been characterized as Cry receptors.In this study,comparative genomic analysis of the 3 receptor families was performed in 7 insects.ALPs and APNs are divided into three and eight clades in phylogenetic trees,respectively.ALPs in clade 3 and APNs in clade 1 contain multiple paralogs within each species and most paralogs are located closely in chromosomes.Drosophila melanogaster has expanded APNs in clade 5 and were lowly expressed in midgut.Cadherins are divided into 16 clades;they may diverge before holometabolous insect speciation except for BtR and Cad89D-like clades.Eight insects from different orders containing BtR orthologs are sensitive to Cryl A or Cry3A,while five species without BtR are insensitive to both toxins.Most APNs in clade 1,several ALPs in clade 3,BtR and Cad89D-like genes were highly or moderately expressed in larval midgut of Spodoptera litura and the other six species,and several members in these clades have been identi-•fied as Cry receptors.Expressions of putative 5.litura Cry receptors in the midgut after exposing to Bt toxins were also analyzed.展开更多
The application of semiconductors-based photocatalysts in organic transformation has been limited by the low light utilization efficiency and the rapid recombination of photo-induced charge carriers.In this paper,we h...The application of semiconductors-based photocatalysts in organic transformation has been limited by the low light utilization efficiency and the rapid recombination of photo-induced charge carriers.In this paper,we have successfully fabricated a hollow cuboctahedral nanostructure(CNNCH),which is composed of N-doped carbon layer and CuO/NiO p-n heterojunctions.The hollow structure in CNNCH can effectively favor the light utilization through the multiple light reflection and scattering.The separation of photo-induced charge carriers can be highly improved by the exitence of charge transfer pathways between the p-n heterojunctions and semiconductor/N-doped carbon layer interfaces.Due to the above advantages,hollow cuboctahedral CNNCH as the photocatalyst has behaved high performance towards the photocatalytic cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction.展开更多
基金This research is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFD1002100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31901941 and No.31970474)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2020JJ4178).
文摘Cadherin,aminopeptidase N(APN)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)have been characterized as Cry receptors.In this study,comparative genomic analysis of the 3 receptor families was performed in 7 insects.ALPs and APNs are divided into three and eight clades in phylogenetic trees,respectively.ALPs in clade 3 and APNs in clade 1 contain multiple paralogs within each species and most paralogs are located closely in chromosomes.Drosophila melanogaster has expanded APNs in clade 5 and were lowly expressed in midgut.Cadherins are divided into 16 clades;they may diverge before holometabolous insect speciation except for BtR and Cad89D-like clades.Eight insects from different orders containing BtR orthologs are sensitive to Cryl A or Cry3A,while five species without BtR are insensitive to both toxins.Most APNs in clade 1,several ALPs in clade 3,BtR and Cad89D-like genes were highly or moderately expressed in larval midgut of Spodoptera litura and the other six species,and several members in these clades have been identi-•fied as Cry receptors.Expressions of putative 5.litura Cry receptors in the midgut after exposing to Bt toxins were also analyzed.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20211549 and BK20191466)and Xuzhou City(No.KC20061)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22072135).
文摘The application of semiconductors-based photocatalysts in organic transformation has been limited by the low light utilization efficiency and the rapid recombination of photo-induced charge carriers.In this paper,we have successfully fabricated a hollow cuboctahedral nanostructure(CNNCH),which is composed of N-doped carbon layer and CuO/NiO p-n heterojunctions.The hollow structure in CNNCH can effectively favor the light utilization through the multiple light reflection and scattering.The separation of photo-induced charge carriers can be highly improved by the exitence of charge transfer pathways between the p-n heterojunctions and semiconductor/N-doped carbon layer interfaces.Due to the above advantages,hollow cuboctahedral CNNCH as the photocatalyst has behaved high performance towards the photocatalytic cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction.
