Pore-mouth catalysis boosting the formation of iso-paraffins from syngas over bifunctional catalysts

Recent studies confirm that the emerging bifunctional catalysts consisting of metal oxide and zeolites can directly convert syngas into high-quality gasoline,however,the formation mechanism of iso-paraffins and the difference with the conventional FT/zeolite catalyst have not been investigated.Herein,three one-dimensional SAPO zeolites with diverse micropore sizes were synthesized and assembled with ZnAlO_(x)with spinel structure.It was found that ZnAlO_(x)/SAPO-41 and ZnAlO_(x)/SAPO-11 with medium micropore sizes favored the formation of C_(5)–C_(11)hydrocarbons with a high content of iso-paraffins.The characterizations pointed out that the formation of iso-paraffins over SAPO-11 followed a pore-mouth catalysis mechanism,which means the isomerization of linear hydrocarbons can only take place near the pore mouth region of zeolites.This mechanism only allows the formation of mono-branched iso-paraffins in the C_(5)–C_(11)range,which are less prone to be cracked than their di-branched isomers.A careful comparative analysis between ZnAlO_(x)/SAPO-11 and Co/H-meso-ZSM-5 was also made in terms of product distribution,activity,and stability.

护肝布祖热颗粒通过EGFR/Ras/PI3K/AKT信号通路改善免疫性肝损伤:一项网络药理学研究和实验验证

护肝布祖热颗粒是维吾尔族传统的护肝方。作者在先前的一项研究中通过调节免疫平衡和抑制IRF1/JNK信号诱导的细胞凋亡,探讨了HBG抗免疫性肝损伤(ILI)的机制。但不是所有的机制都得到了探讨。本研究通过体内实验及网络药理学进一步研究了HBG降低小鼠刀豆球蛋白A(ConA)诱导的ILI的机制。首先,TCMSP、PharmMapper和GeneCards数据库确定了HBG治疗ILI的活性化合物和关键靶点。通过网络药理学和分子对接对确定的关键靶点和相关信号通路进行筛选。ConA诱导的小鼠ILI模型探讨了HBG对抗ILI的疗效和机制;蛋白质印迹分析检测关键蛋白的表达水平;网络药理学鉴定了16个化合物和53个靶标。成分-靶向通路(C-T-P)网络和分子对接表明,EGFR、HRAS、AKT1和PIK3R1是HBG对抗ILI的关键靶点。此外,分子对接显示,前八种活性化合物的对接得分高于阈值。与ConA组相比,HBG显著上调p-EGFR、Ras、p-AKT、p-PI3K、p-BAD和Bcl-2的表达,并下调Bax、裂解caspase 9和3的蛋白水平。HBG通过EGFR/Ras/PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制细胞凋亡,从而减轻ILI。