A novel conformationally adaptive macrocyclic tetramaleimide with flipping pyrene sidewalls

The synthesis,structure,and properties of pyrene-based conformationally adaptive macrocycles are described.This new type of conformationally adaptive macrocycle was constructed through Perkin reaction,followed by imidization.By changing the condensation partner as the linking unit,a family of conjugated macrocycles with different sizes of the cavity was synthesized,which provide a simple and modular synthetic strategy towards the conformationally adaptive macrocycles.Furthermore,the macrocycles provide two well-defined conformations through flipping pyrene subunit,which were unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.The conformational interconversion barrier was determined by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.This new macrocycle also demonstrated unique properties,such as vapochromic behavior and aggregation emission enhancement effect.Furthermore,we have also investigated the effect of the linker on the shape and photophysical properties of the resulting macrocyclic products.

Time-series variation and attribution analysis of downward shortwave radiation over the Yunnan-Kweichow plateau from 1984 to 2018

The downward shortwave radiation(DSR)is a key input parameter for land surface models and climate models.Based on the daily averaged Global Land Surface Satellite downward shortwave radiation(GLASS-DSR)dataset over the Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau(YKP)from 1984 to 2018,this paper analyzes variation trend and breakpoints of DSR.The results show that:annual averaged DSR decreases at a decreasing rate of-1.84 W·m^(-2)·decade^(-1) over the YKP from 1984 to 2018;the overall distribution of interannual averaged DSR shows higher in the mid-west,and gradually decreasing from west to northeast over the YKP;the estimated averaged DSR is larger in spring than in summer due to the influence of the monsoon;monthly averaged DSR reaches its maximum in May and its minimum in December;breakpoints are found in the seasonal and trend components of daily averaged DSR.Eleven driving factors are examined for their effects on DSR variation,including annual average temperature,precipitation,10 m wind speed,aerosol optical thickness(AOT),total cloud cover,elevation,slope,aspect,longitude,latitude,and climate zones.According to thefindings,AOT predominates in the spatio-temporal distribution of DSR over the YKP.This study will contribute to studies related to climate change and highland radiation.

三例人类肺型鼠疫患者临床特征分析

目的探讨人类肺型鼠疫的临床特点。方法分析内蒙古自治区2023年7~8月发生的一起家庭聚集性肺型鼠疫病例的临床、影像学和实验室资料。结果3例人类肺型鼠疫患者系一家人,于7月31日、8月4日就诊多家医疗机构,其中男性1例,女性2例;年龄分别为46岁、41岁和21岁;死亡1例、重症1例、轻症1例。病例1为首发病例,以腺鼠疫发病,未能得到及时诊断和特效抗菌药物治疗,继发败血型鼠疫和肺型鼠疫,起病3 d后发生脓毒症休克、弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)以及多器官功能衰竭而死亡。病例2于暴露后4 d发病,表现为原发性肺型鼠疫,肺部炎症进展迅速,出现呼吸衰竭和休克,但因及时诊断,给予累计53 g链霉素联合莫西沙星等治疗,积极的呼吸支持和循环支持,经33 d治疗痊愈出院。病例3病情较轻,肺部病灶局限,早期应用链霉素累计18 g联合莫西沙星治疗,病情迅速改善。结论肺型鼠疫患者救治成功关键在于敏锐把握流行病学接触史,掌握鼠疫临床特征和演变规律,做到早期诊断、早期应用特效抗菌药物、积极进行脓毒症治疗等。

单增李斯特菌生物膜形成调控机制的研究进展

单增李斯特菌是一种重要的食源性病原菌。单增李斯特菌的分布和存活与其形成生物膜的能力有关,生物膜对逆性环境有抵抗力,细菌会从生物膜中分离导致食品持续性的污染。生物膜的形成、成熟和结构取决于多种外部和内部因素,并且多种调控机制起着重要作用。文中旨在阐述单增李斯特菌生物膜形成过程中的调控机制(包括胞内作用、胞间作用和种间作用),以控制食品加工环境中致病性生物膜的形成,从而为食品安全提供新的干预策略。

Recent advances in metal-organic frameworks for X-ray detection

Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are a class of fascinating supramolecular crystalline materials that have been widely developed for catalysis,gas storage,illumination,drug delivery/cytoprotection,and so on.Recently,MOFs have been found to have potential applications in X-ray detection due to their high sensitivity,fast response time,high absorption coefficient,and radiation stability.In this review,we present an overview on the fundamental mechanism of using MOFs for X-ray scintillation.We further discuss the recent developments in X-ray detection based on indirect X-ray scintillation and direct X-ray conversion.Finally,we provide a summary and a perspective on the future of this promising research field.

LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1),a novel target for opening the blood-labyrinth barrier(BLB)

Inner ear disorders are a cluster of diseases that cause hearing loss in more than 1.5 billion people worldwide.However,the presence of the blood-labyrinth barrier(BLB)on the surface of the inner ear capillaries greatly hinders the effectiveness of systemic drugs for prevention and intervention due to the low permeability,which restricts the entry of most drug compounds from the bloodstream into the inner ear tissue.Here,we report the finding of a novel receptor,low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1(LRP1),that is expressed on the BLB,as a potential target for shuttling therapeutics across this barrier.As a proof-ofconcept,we developed an LRP1-binding peptide,IETP2,and covalently conjugated a series of model small-molecule compounds to it,including potential drugs and imaging agents.All compounds were successfully delivered into the inner ear and inner ear lymph,indicating that targeting the receptor LRP1 is a promising strategy to enhance the permeability of the BLB.The discovery of the receptor LRP1 will illuminate developing strategies for crossing the BLB and for improving systemic drug delivery for inner ear disorders.

Who Will Care for Middle Aged and Elderly Parents in Rural China?

Using data from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,this paper analyzes how the health of parents is causally linked to the gender of their children.We find that,compared with parents with no daughters,those with one daughter are healthier by 0.155 more activities of daily living.This effect is mainly channeled through the provision of emotional comfort and financial support,and not through living with parents.We also confirm that daughters are an important source of financial and emotional support for elderly parents,regardless of whether the parents have pension insurance.This study has important policy implications fo r China as it focuses on the support from daughters,who historically have not been considered to be as reliable as sons in supporting their parents.