Jointly Part-of-Speech Tagging and Semantic Role Labeling Using Auxiliary Deep Neural Network Model

Previous studies have shown that there is potential semantic dependency between part-of-speech and semantic roles.At the same time,the predicate-argument structure in a sentence is important information for semantic role labeling task.In this work,we introduce the auxiliary deep neural network model,which models semantic dependency between part-of-speech and semantic roles and incorporates the information of predicate-argument into semantic role labeling.Based on the framework of joint learning,part-of-speech tagging is used as an auxiliary task to improve the result of the semantic role labeling.In addition,we introduce the argument recognition layer in the training process of the main task-semantic role labeling,so the argument-related structural information selected by the predicate through the attention mechanism is used to assist the main task.Because the model makes full use of the semantic dependency between part-of-speech and semantic roles and the structural information of predicate-argument,our model achieved the F1 value of 89.0%on the WSJ test set of CoNLL2005,which is superior to existing state-of-the-art model about 0.8%.

The TaGW2‐TaSPL14 module regulates the trade‐off between tiller number and grain weight in wheat

IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1(IPA1)is a pivotal gene controlling plant architecture and grain yield.However,little is known about the effects of Triticum aestivum SQUAMOSA PROMOTER‐BINDING‐LIKE 14(TaSPL14),an IPA1 ortholog in wheat,on balancing yield traits and its regulatory mechanism in wheat(T.aestivum L.).Here,we determined that the T.aestivum GRAIN WIDTH2(TaGW2)‐TaSPL14 module influences the balance between tiller number and grain weight in wheat.Overexpression of TaSPL14 resulted in a reduced tiller number and increased grain weight,whereas its knockout had the opposite effect,indicating that TaSPL14 negatively regulates tillering while positively regulating grain weight.We further identified TaGW2 as a novel interacting protein of TaSPL14 and confirmed its ability to mediate the ubiquitination and degradation of TaSPL14.Based on our genetic evidence,TaGW2 acts as a positive regulator of tiller number,in addition to its known role as a negative regulator of grain weight,which is opposite to TaSPL14.Moreover,combinations of TaSPL14‐7A and TaGW2‐6A haplotypes exhibit significantly additive effects on tiller number and grain weight in wheat breeding.Our findings provide insight into how the TaGW2‐TaSPL14 module regulates the trade‐off between tiller number and grain weight and its potential application in improving wheat yield.

An optimal medicinal and edible Chinese herbal formula attenuates particulate matter-induced lung injury through its anti-oxidative,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis activities

Objective:Identifying novel strategies to prevent particulate matter(PM)-induced lung injury is crucial for the reduction of the morbidity of chronic respiratory diseases.The combined intervention represented by herbal formulae for simultaneously targeting multiple pathological processes can provide a more beneficial effect than the single intervention.The aim of this paper is therefore to design a safe and effective medicinal and edible Chinese herbs(MECHs)formula against PM-induced lung injury.Methods:PM-induced oxidative stress,inflammatory response and apoptosis A549 cell model were used to screen anti-oxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic MECHs,respectively.A network pharmacology method was utilized to rationally design a novel herbal formula.Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer was utilized to assess the quality control of MECHs formula.The excretion of magnetic iron oxide nanospheres of the MECHs formula was estimated in zebrafish.The MECH formula against PM-induced lung injury was investigated with mice experiments.Results:Five selected herbs were rationally designed to form a new MECH formula,including Citri Exocarpium Rubrum(Juhong),Lablab Semen Album(Baibiandou),Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(Baizhu),Mori Folium(Sangye)and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma(Yuzhu).The formula effectively promoted the magnetic iron oxide nanospheres excretion in zebrafish.The mid/high dose formula significantly prevented PM-induced lung damage in mice by enhancing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px,reducing the MDA and ROS level and attenuating the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine(IL-6,IL-8,IL-1βand TNFa),down regulating the protein expression of NF-κB,STAT3 and Caspase-3.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the effective MECHs formula will become a novel strategy for preventing PM-induced lung injury and provide a paradigm for the development of functional foods using MECHs.