基于呼吸系统健康效应的室内空气微生物研究现状与展望

室内空气微生物是人体呼吸系统疾病的重要诱因,明确室内空气微生物与呼吸系统健康效应关系对建立室内健康微生物环境标准具有积极意义.近十多年,环境和人类呼吸道健康相关的微生物学深入研究已使人们对微生物的看法从纯粹致病性、传染性的负面作用逐渐转变为潜在保护性、预防性的正面作用.然而,目前室内空气微生物与呼吸系统的量化作用机制尚未建立,现行的公共卫生政策和室内空气微生物控制标准仍倾向于使室内保持尽可能低的微生物浓度,以防止致病菌传播和人群感染.本文总结了室内空气微生物与呼吸系统健康效应的相关研究,指出了基于呼吸道健康效应的室内空气微生物定量表征的关键理论欠缺和技术瓶颈,并以此为依据,提出了基于采样工具、统计学工具以及实验工具优化的研究展望,为未来量化呼吸系统健康效应与室内空气微生物作用的关系、室内空气微生物的表征提供借鉴.

Correlation analysis of three influencing factors and the dust production rate for a free-falling particle stream

The effects of three factors （i.e., drop height h, hopper outlet diameter do, and material temperature T] on the dust generation rate derived from a free falling particle stream were investigated via filll factorial experiments. The correlation between the three factors and dust generation rate was also analysed. Results show that Tand h affect the first fugitive dust rate largely, whereas the second fugitive dust rate is mainly dominated by h and do. Through analysing the first fugitive dust percentage data, it is found that h and T should be considered first for higher temperatures and lower flow rates, whereas h and do can be considered under contrasting conditions, and h should be controlled in the remaining two sets of conditions. Relationships between the influencing factors and total and first fugitive dust rates were developed via multiple regression to quantify the dust emission rates for different contact surfaces （rigid or water）.