Efficient communication between the brain and peripheral organs is indispensable for regulating physiological function and maintaining energy homeostasis. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) in vertebrates, consisting...Efficient communication between the brain and peripheral organs is indispensable for regulating physiological function and maintaining energy homeostasis. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) in vertebrates, consisting of the autonomic and somatic nervous systems, bridges the peripheral organs and the central nervous system (CNS). Metabolic signals are processed by both vagal sensory nerves and somatosensory nerves. The CNS receives sensory inputs via ascending nerves, serves as the coordination and integration center, and subsequently controls internal organs and glands via descending nerves. The autonomic nervous system consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches that project peripheral nerves into various anatomical locations to regulate the energy balance. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves typically control the reflexive and involuntary functions in organs. In this review article, we outline the innervation of adipose tissue, gut, pancreas, and liver, to illustrate the neurobiological basis of central-peripheral interactions. We emphasize the importance of understanding the functional atlas of neural control of energy metabolism, and more importantly, provide potential avenues for further research in this area.展开更多
Mechanical faults of high voltage circuit breakers(CBs)seriously affect the reliability of their operation,which may cause severe damage to power systems.In order to monitor operational conditions and detect mechanica...Mechanical faults of high voltage circuit breakers(CBs)seriously affect the reliability of their operation,which may cause severe damage to power systems.In order to monitor operational conditions and detect mechanical faults of CBs,a multi-parameter monitoring system is designed and a fault diagnosis method based on multi-mapping is proposed.The paper focuses on the trip/close circuits,the spring-charging mechanism and the transmission mechanism,and obtains four current signals and a vibration signal that can reflect CB conditions.For the current signals,a morphological filter is used to remove noise and then characteristics of the waveforms’shape information are extracted.For vibration signals,the wavelet packet transform is used to decompose the signal into various frequency bands,and the sample entropy of the low frequency bands and the wavelet energy of the high frequency bands are calculated,respectively.Based on these feature parameters,a multi-mapping strategy is proposed for CB fault diagnosis.Laboratory experiments have been conducted to obtain on-site signals under various conditions,and experiment results have verified that monitoring the aforementioned signals and using the corresponding feature extraction and fault diagnosis methods,the mechanical faults of high voltage CBs can be effectively diagnosed.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225019,91857110,32000817)grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0800403)+3 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(5222010)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LZ21H070001,LHDMD22H02001)the Tsinghua University(School of Medicine)-Xiamen Changgeng Hospital Co Ltd Joint Research Center for Anaphylactic DiseaseThe work was also supported by the Center for Life Sciences,the Institute for Immunology,and the School of Medicine at Tsinghua University.
文摘Efficient communication between the brain and peripheral organs is indispensable for regulating physiological function and maintaining energy homeostasis. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) in vertebrates, consisting of the autonomic and somatic nervous systems, bridges the peripheral organs and the central nervous system (CNS). Metabolic signals are processed by both vagal sensory nerves and somatosensory nerves. The CNS receives sensory inputs via ascending nerves, serves as the coordination and integration center, and subsequently controls internal organs and glands via descending nerves. The autonomic nervous system consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches that project peripheral nerves into various anatomical locations to regulate the energy balance. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves typically control the reflexive and involuntary functions in organs. In this review article, we outline the innervation of adipose tissue, gut, pancreas, and liver, to illustrate the neurobiological basis of central-peripheral interactions. We emphasize the importance of understanding the functional atlas of neural control of energy metabolism, and more importantly, provide potential avenues for further research in this area.
基金This work is supported by the Guangdong Innovative Research Team Program(No.201001N0104744201)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,SCUT(No.2015ZZ019),China.
文摘Mechanical faults of high voltage circuit breakers(CBs)seriously affect the reliability of their operation,which may cause severe damage to power systems.In order to monitor operational conditions and detect mechanical faults of CBs,a multi-parameter monitoring system is designed and a fault diagnosis method based on multi-mapping is proposed.The paper focuses on the trip/close circuits,the spring-charging mechanism and the transmission mechanism,and obtains four current signals and a vibration signal that can reflect CB conditions.For the current signals,a morphological filter is used to remove noise and then characteristics of the waveforms’shape information are extracted.For vibration signals,the wavelet packet transform is used to decompose the signal into various frequency bands,and the sample entropy of the low frequency bands and the wavelet energy of the high frequency bands are calculated,respectively.Based on these feature parameters,a multi-mapping strategy is proposed for CB fault diagnosis.Laboratory experiments have been conducted to obtain on-site signals under various conditions,and experiment results have verified that monitoring the aforementioned signals and using the corresponding feature extraction and fault diagnosis methods,the mechanical faults of high voltage CBs can be effectively diagnosed.
