Are cities greener because of innovation?Independent innovation policy and green economic efficiency

The national independent innovation demonstration zone(NIIDZ)is an independent innovation policy that plays a crucial role in implementing strategies.Given the importance of the NIIDZ,this study uses panel data of 278 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2020 and empirically examines the effect and internal mechanism of the NIIDZ on green economic efficiency(GEE)using the difference-in-difference model(DID).The results show that the NIIDZ effectively enhances the growth of GEE,and the results remain valid through several robustness tests,such as year-by-year propensity score matching.The transmission mechanism suggests that the NIIDZ indirectly drives GEE by accelerating scientific and technological investment,promoting talent concentration,and optimizing the industrial structure.Moreover,heterogeneity analysis reveals that the promotion effect of the NIIDZ on GEE is more prominent in the eastern region and high green development level areas.The study’s findings can serve as a reference for China to further utilize the policy effectiveness of the NIIDZ and accelerate the high-quality development of the green economy in the future.

Determination of the Content of Total Saponins in Paris daliensis H.Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S. kurita

[Objectives]To determine the content of total saponins in Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S.kurita,fill the gap in the study of Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S. kurita,and lay a foundation for searching new medicinal resources of Paris L. [Methods]The perchloric acid colorimetric method and UV spectrophotometer were used to determine the content of total saponins in Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S. kurita at 406 nm. [Results]The lowest content of total saponins in Paris daliensis H. Li et V. G. Soukoup was 2. 637%,while the highest content reached 5. 474%; the lowest content of total saponins in Paris dulongensis was 1. 806%,while the highest content reached 3. 532%. Through the methodological examination,it was found that this method was stable and reliable. [Conclusions] The content of total saponins was high in Paris daliensis H.Li et V. G. Soukoup and Paris dulongensis H. Li et S. kurita,and it was suggested to further study and find the medicinal resources of Paris L.

Contrastive Study on Content and Anti-oxidation Activity of Total Saponins from Cultivated and Wild Paris Plants in Southwest China

[Objectives]To study content of total saponins from cultivated and wild Paris herbs in Southwest China,evaluate its in vitro antioxidation activity,and explore the correlation between quality of Paris herbs and production place,variety,cultivated and wild varieties.[Methods]Colorimetric method of perchloric acid reaction was used,and content of total saponins from Paris herbs was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 406 nm. [Results]The lowest content of total saponins from cultivated and wild Paris herbs in Southwest China was0. 55%,while the maximum was 12. 24%,with obvious difference. Total saponins from Paris herbs had stronger clearance ability on free radical DPPH and stronger reduction ability on Fe^(3+),and the results showed good dose-effect relationship with concentration. Among them,S6 had the highest clearance ability on DPPH,which reached 89. 66%. In the determination of reduction ability,the absorbance of S16 reached3. 643 and was the highest,with very good reducing property. Content and anti-oxidation capacity of total saponins from Paris herbs in Southwest China did not have obvious correlation with production place,altitude and cultivation but was related to variety. [Conclusions]The quality of Paris herbs in Southwest China was unstable,and their anti-oxidation abilities were also different,and cultivation could not guarantee high quality. It should normalize cultivation,and develop planting industry of Paris herbs,which could guarantee stable supply of Paris herbs and stability and controllability of quality.

Interview with light-wave architect Jelena Vuckovic

Mengjie Yu:Hello,everyone.This interview is organized by the journal Advanced Photonics.And today we're really honored and privileged to have Professor Jelena Vuckovic from Stanford University here with us.I'm from University of Southern California and will conduct the interview.

Thyroid Hormone Biomonitoring:A Review on Their Metabolism and Machine-Learning Based Analysis on Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

The thyroid is an essential endocrine organ in human body,and thyroid hormones(THs)are pivotal signaling molecules and mediators in various physiological processes.THs,particularly in their free form,play a critical role in regulating body temperature and in the metabolism of lipid and glucose,making the maintenance of TH levels crucial for human health.THs undergo a series of metabolic processes,producing TH metabolites(THMs).THMs are significant in endocrine regulation,such as 3,5-diiothyronine(3,5-T2)and 3-iodothyronamine(3-T1AM),which exhibit activities akin to THs.The production and distribution of THMs are intricately linked to the function of specific organs and tissues,highlighting the need for advanced research into the determination and mechanisms of THMs in body.Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals(EDCs)can significantly affect the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)and THs.This review utilizes machine learning to analyze epidemiological data,identifying potential EDCs that pose risks of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.Additionally,it delves into the toxicological mechanisms of these EDCs,examining their effects on TH production,binding processes,related proteins,and metabolic enzymes.This approach effectively bridges the gap between epidemiological studies and toxicological researches,laying the groundwork for future research trends.By integrating epidemiological studies with machine learning,this review offers insightful perspectives on the potential risks associated with chemical exposure and underscores the necessity for further research in understanding the impact of EDCs on TH metabolism and TH-related health effects.

Optical Microresonators feature issue introduction

Optical microresonators,which confine light in both the spatial and time domains,have advanced various research areas benefiting from significantly enhanced light-matter interactions,including integrated microlasers,nonlinear frequency conversion,Kerr frequency combs,and optomechanics.Over the past five years,the research interests in optical microresonators have rapidly expanded and combined with other disciplines,for example,optical chaos,non-Hermitian physics,and quantum materials.These cutting-edge research works have enabled the creation of optical microresonators with novel properties and capabilities.

Raman lasing and soliton mode-locking in lithium niobate microresonators

The recent advancement in lithium-niobite-on-insulator(LNOI)technology is opening up new opportunities in optoelectronics,as devices with better performance,lower power consumption and a smaller footprint can be realised due to the high optical confinement in the structures.The LNOI platform offers both largeχ(2)andχ(3)nonlinearities along with the power of dispersion engineering,enabling brand new nonlinear photonic devices and applications for the next generation of integrated photonic circuits.However,Raman scattering and its interaction with other nonlinear processes have not been extensively studied in dispersion-engineered LNOI nanodevices.In this work,we characterise the Raman radiation spectra in a monolithic lithium niobate(LN)microresonator via selective excitation of Raman-active phonon modes.The dominant mode for the Raman oscillation is observed in the backward direction for a continuous-wave pump threshold power of 20mW with a high differential quantum efficiency of 46%.We explore the effects of Raman scattering on Kerr optical frequency comb generation.We achieve mode-locked states in an X-cut LNOI chip through sufficient suppression of the Raman effect via cavity geometry control.Our analysis of the Raman effect provides guidance for the development of future chip-based photonic devices on the LNOI platform.

Spectral control of nonclassical light pulses using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate modulator

Manipulating the frequency and bandwidth of nonclassical light is essential for implementing frequency-encoded/multiplexed quantum computation,communication,and networking protocols,and for bridging spectral mismatch among various quantum systems.However,quantum spectral control requires a strong nonlinearity mediated by light,microwave,or acoustics,which is challenging to realize with high efficiency,low noise,and on an integrated chip.Here,we demonstrate both frequency shifting and bandwidth compression of heralded single-photon pulses using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate(TFLN)phase modulator.We achieve record-high electro-optic frequency shearing of telecom single photons over terahertz range(±641 GHz or±5.2 nm),enabling high visibility quantum interference between frequency-nondegenerate photon pairs.We further operate the modulator as a time lens and demonstrate over eighteen-fold(6.55 nm to 0.35 nm)bandwidth compression of single photons.Our results showcase the viability and promise of on-chip quantum spectral control for scalable photonic quantum information processing.