Inflammatory orofacial pain,in which substance P (SP) plays an important role,is closely related to the cross-talk between trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs).SGC activation is emerging a...Inflammatory orofacial pain,in which substance P (SP) plays an important role,is closely related to the cross-talk between trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs).SGC activation is emerging as the key mechanism underlying inflammatory pain through different signalling mechanisms,including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) activation,phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways,and cytokine upregulation.However,in the TG,the mechanism underlying SP-mediated orofacial pain generated by SGCs is largely unknown.In this study,we investigated whether SP is involved in inflammatory orofacial pain by upregulating interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α from SGCs,and we explored whether MAPK signalling pathways mediate the pain process.In the present study,complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was injected into the whisker pad of rats to induce an inflammatory model in vivo.SP was administered to SGC cultures in vitro to confirm the effect of SP.Facial expression analysis showed that pre-injection of L703,606 (an NK-1 receptor antagonist),U0126 (an inhibitor of MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK] kinase [MEK] 1/2),and SB203580 (an inhibitor of P38) into the TG to induce targeted prevention of the activation of the NK-1 receptor and the phosphorylation of MAPKs significantly suppressed CFA-induced inflammatory allodynia.In addition,SP promoted SGC activation,which was proven by increased GFAP,p-MAPKs,IL-1β and TNF-α in SGCs under inflammatory conditions.Moreover,the increase in IL-1β and TNF-α was suppressed by L703,606,U0126 and SB203580 in vivo and in vitro.These present findings suggested that SP,released from TG neurons,activated SGCs through the ERK1/2 and P38 pathways and promoted the production of IL-1β and TNF-α from SGCs,contributing to inflammatory orofacial pain associated with peripheral sensitization.展开更多
Indoor heating results in high energy consumption and severe atmospheric pollution.Although the development of solar air heaters provides a sustainable route for indoor thermal comfort,such heaters still face challeng...Indoor heating results in high energy consumption and severe atmospheric pollution.Although the development of solar air heaters provides a sustainable route for indoor thermal comfort,such heaters still face challenges in terms of adequate heat exchange and filtering of atmospheric pollutants.Inspired by solar-driven interfacial evaporation,we propose a multifunctional carbon nanotube-based photothermal membrane for efficient cold air heating and purification via ventilation.Carbon nanotubes endow the membrane with high light absorption and thermal conversion capabilities,thereby sufficiently heating the approaching cold air.With the hierarchical structure formed by phase inversion,the thin upper skin of the composite membrane intercepts micropollutants via the size-sieving effect,whereas the finger-like pores and interpenetrating macrovoids inside the membrane ensure that the heated clear air passes through quickly.A proof-of-principle experiment indicated a cold airflow of 1 L/min across the membrane,yielding a temperature increase of ca.37℃ as well as a PM 2.5 rejection always higher than 93%.Further antibacterial experiments demonstrated that the membrane effectively removed airborne bacteria.This multifunctional carbon nanotube-based photothermal membrane with specific microstructures not only improves the indoor living quality but also provides a sustainable development scheme to coordinate the relationship among energy utilization,building heating,and air purification.展开更多
本文报道了一种达到实际使用规格的水基可充电锌离子大电池,该电池以锰酸锂为正极材料、锌粉为负极材料,电流10 A时其能量密度可达80 W h kg^-1,成本低于0.4 RMB kg^-1.该电池体系使用一种专门开发的石墨-尼龙复合集流体作为正极集流体...本文报道了一种达到实际使用规格的水基可充电锌离子大电池,该电池以锰酸锂为正极材料、锌粉为负极材料,电流10 A时其能量密度可达80 W h kg^-1,成本低于0.4 RMB kg^-1.该电池体系使用一种专门开发的石墨-尼龙复合集流体作为正极集流体,该复合集流体具有耐腐蚀性强、重量轻、价格便宜的特点.通过向电解液中添加尿素的方法有效地抑制了锌枝晶生长.该电池在10 A电流下充放电400次,容量保留率达到90%.该电池可应用于电动自行车、混动汽车及其他储能领域.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81870800)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2015JY0146)
文摘Inflammatory orofacial pain,in which substance P (SP) plays an important role,is closely related to the cross-talk between trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs).SGC activation is emerging as the key mechanism underlying inflammatory pain through different signalling mechanisms,including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) activation,phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways,and cytokine upregulation.However,in the TG,the mechanism underlying SP-mediated orofacial pain generated by SGCs is largely unknown.In this study,we investigated whether SP is involved in inflammatory orofacial pain by upregulating interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α from SGCs,and we explored whether MAPK signalling pathways mediate the pain process.In the present study,complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was injected into the whisker pad of rats to induce an inflammatory model in vivo.SP was administered to SGC cultures in vitro to confirm the effect of SP.Facial expression analysis showed that pre-injection of L703,606 (an NK-1 receptor antagonist),U0126 (an inhibitor of MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK] kinase [MEK] 1/2),and SB203580 (an inhibitor of P38) into the TG to induce targeted prevention of the activation of the NK-1 receptor and the phosphorylation of MAPKs significantly suppressed CFA-induced inflammatory allodynia.In addition,SP promoted SGC activation,which was proven by increased GFAP,p-MAPKs,IL-1β and TNF-α in SGCs under inflammatory conditions.Moreover,the increase in IL-1β and TNF-α was suppressed by L703,606,U0126 and SB203580 in vivo and in vitro.These present findings suggested that SP,released from TG neurons,activated SGCs through the ERK1/2 and P38 pathways and promoted the production of IL-1β and TNF-α from SGCs,contributing to inflammatory orofacial pain associated with peripheral sensitization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22205252)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021QB111)+1 种基金the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tstq20221151)the Innovation Funds of Shandong Energy Institute(SEI I202140).
文摘Indoor heating results in high energy consumption and severe atmospheric pollution.Although the development of solar air heaters provides a sustainable route for indoor thermal comfort,such heaters still face challenges in terms of adequate heat exchange and filtering of atmospheric pollutants.Inspired by solar-driven interfacial evaporation,we propose a multifunctional carbon nanotube-based photothermal membrane for efficient cold air heating and purification via ventilation.Carbon nanotubes endow the membrane with high light absorption and thermal conversion capabilities,thereby sufficiently heating the approaching cold air.With the hierarchical structure formed by phase inversion,the thin upper skin of the composite membrane intercepts micropollutants via the size-sieving effect,whereas the finger-like pores and interpenetrating macrovoids inside the membrane ensure that the heated clear air passes through quickly.A proof-of-principle experiment indicated a cold airflow of 1 L/min across the membrane,yielding a temperature increase of ca.37℃ as well as a PM 2.5 rejection always higher than 93%.Further antibacterial experiments demonstrated that the membrane effectively removed airborne bacteria.This multifunctional carbon nanotube-based photothermal membrane with specific microstructures not only improves the indoor living quality but also provides a sustainable development scheme to coordinate the relationship among energy utilization,building heating,and air purification.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0901503)Jiangsu Province Natural Science Research of Universities(19KJB150025)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875238 and 21831006)Jiangsu Province Innovative and Entrepreneurial Doctor Project(KYQ19021 and KYQ19019)。
文摘本文报道了一种达到实际使用规格的水基可充电锌离子大电池,该电池以锰酸锂为正极材料、锌粉为负极材料,电流10 A时其能量密度可达80 W h kg^-1,成本低于0.4 RMB kg^-1.该电池体系使用一种专门开发的石墨-尼龙复合集流体作为正极集流体,该复合集流体具有耐腐蚀性强、重量轻、价格便宜的特点.通过向电解液中添加尿素的方法有效地抑制了锌枝晶生长.该电池在10 A电流下充放电400次,容量保留率达到90%.该电池可应用于电动自行车、混动汽车及其他储能领域.