Early-Age Properties Development of Recycled Glass Powder Blended Cement Paste:Strengths,Shrinkage,Nanoscale Characteristics,and Environmental Analysis

Recycling solid waste in cement-based materials cannot only ease its load on the natural environment but also reduce the carbon emissions of building materials.This study aims to investigate the effect of recycled glass powder(RGP)on the early-age mechanical properties and autogenous shrinkage of cement pastes,where cement is replaced by 10%,20%and 30%of RGP.In addition,the microstructure and nano-mechanical properties of cement paste with different RGP content and water to binder(W/B)ratio were also evaluated using SEM,MIP and nanoindentation techniques.The results indicate that the early-age autogenous shrinkage decreases with the increase of RGP content and W/B ratio.While the mechanical strength deteriorates due to the addition of RGP,it can be compensated by reducing the W/B ratio.Although the addition of RGP increases the total porosity of the hardened paste,it reduces the small size porosity(<50 nm).In addition,the proportions of different types of C-S-H are changed,and the volume fraction of porosity is increased,but that of hydration products of cement paste is reduced due to the incorporation of RGP.Besides its pozzolanic activity,the mitigated shrinkage deformation that RGP is generating in cement pastes is encouraging for its use as a novel supplementary cementitious material that reduces the early-age cracking risk of cement-based materials.Meanwhile,the life cycle assessments indicate that the RGP-cement component is an economical and eco-friendly novel engineering material.

Porcine FcεRI Mediates Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Multiplication and Regulates the Inflammatory Reaction

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) shows characteristic antibody-dependent enhancement(ADE) of infection and causes porcine systemic inflammation, which is similar to a type I allergic reaction; however, the role of porcine FceεRI in ADE is still unclear. In this study, the expression of different Fc receptors(Fc Rs) on macrophages was investigated in a PRRSV 3D4/21 cell infection model in the presence or absence of PRRSV antibody. The transcription level of Fcc II and FceεRI was significantly up-regulated under PRRSV-antibody complex infection. Internalization and proliferation of PRRSV were promoted by the ADE mechanism when FceεRI was expressed in permissive 3D4/21 cells and the non-permissive cell line HEK 293T. Transcriptome sequencing data showed that the expression levels of AKT,ERK and other signal molecules in the anti-inflammatory pathway were significantly increased, especially in the cells infected with the PRRSV-antibody immune complex. Inflammatory regulatory molecules such as PLA2G6, LOX, TRPM8 and TRPM4 were significantly up-regulated following PRRSV infection but significantly down-regulated in the cells infected with the PRRSV-antibody immune complex. Our results demonstrated that FceεRI could be involved in PRRSV ADE, the antigen presenting process and regulation of the inflammatory response during PRRSV infection, which provides new insights into PRRSV infection mediated by FceεRI and the PRRSV-antibody immune complex.