Thick sediments from foreland basins usually provide valuable information for understanding the relationships between mountain building,rock denudation,and sediment deposition.In this paper,we report environmental mag...Thick sediments from foreland basins usually provide valuable information for understanding the relationships between mountain building,rock denudation,and sediment deposition.In this paper,we report environmental magnetic measurements performed on the Miocene sediments in the Subei Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau.Our results show two different patterns.First,the bulk susceptibility and SIRM,ARM,and HIRM mainly reflect the absolute-concentration of magnetic minerals;all have increased remarkably since 13.7 Ma,related to provenance change rather than climate change.Second,the ratios of IRM100mT/SIRM,IRM100mT/IRM30mT,and IRM100mT/IRM60mT,together with the redness and S ratio,reflect the relative-concentration of hematite,being climate-dependent.Their vertical changes correlate in general with the long-term Miocene climatic records of marine oxygen isotope variations,marked by the existence of higher ratios between 17 and 14 Ma.This may imply that global climate change,rather than uplift of the Tibetan Plateau,played a dominant role in the long-term climatic evolution of the Subei area from the early to middle Miocene.展开更多
The emergence of influenza virus A pandemic H1N1 in April 2009 marked the first pandemic of the 21st century.In this study,we observed significant differences in the polymerase activities of two clinical 2009 H1N1 inf...The emergence of influenza virus A pandemic H1N1 in April 2009 marked the first pandemic of the 21st century.In this study,we observed significant differences in the polymerase activities of two clinical 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus isolates from Chinese and Japanese patients.Sequence comparison of the three main protein subunits(PB2,PB1,and PA)of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex and subsequent mutational analysis revealed that a single amino acid substitution(E206K)was responsible for the observed impaired replication phenotype.Further in vitro experiments showed that presence of PAE206K decreased the replication of influenza A/WSN/33 virus in mammalian cells and a reduction in the virus’s pathogenicity in vivo.Mechanistic studies revealed that PAE206K is a temperature-sensitive mutant associated with the inability to transport PB1–PA complex to the nucleus at high temperature(39.5℃).Hence,this naturally occurring variant in the PA protein represents an ideal candidate mutation for the development of live attenuated influenza vaccines.展开更多
Green macroalgae bloom(GMB),with the dominant species of Ulva prolifera,has regularly occurred since 2007 along the China coast.Although disaster prevention and control achieved favorable results in 2020,the satellite...Green macroalgae bloom(GMB),with the dominant species of Ulva prolifera,has regularly occurred since 2007 along the China coast.Although disaster prevention and control achieved favorable results in 2020,the satellite-observed GMB annual maximum coverage(AMC)rebounded sharply in 2021 to an unprecedented level.The reasons for this rebound and the significant interannual variability over past 15 years are still open questions.Here,by using long-term time-series(2007-2022)optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite observations(1000+scenes),meteorological data and water quality statistics,the mechanism analysis was performed by exploring effects from natural factors and human activities.Two key determinants for AMC are successfully identified from numerous potential factors which are the macroalgae distribution in a key area(the Subei Shoal)during a critical period(from April to May 20)and the nutrient availability.Furthermore,by using these two parameters,a novel model for AMC prediction(R^(2)=0.87,p<0.01)is proposed and independently validated,which can reasonably explain the significant interannual variability(2014-2021)and agree well with the latest observation in 2022(percentage difference 12%).Finally,suggestions are proposed for future disaster prevention and alleviation.This work may aid future bloom prediction and management measure optimization.展开更多
Accurate predictions of sea surface temperature(SST)are crucial due to the significant impact of SST on the global ocean-atmospheric system and its potential to trigger extreme weather events.Many existing machine-lea...Accurate predictions of sea surface temperature(SST)are crucial due to the significant impact of SST on the global ocean-atmospheric system and its potential to trigger extreme weather events.Many existing machine-learning-based ssT predictions adapt the traditional iterative point-wise prediction mechanism,whose predicting horizons and accuracy are limited owing to the high sensitivity to cumulative errors during iterative predictions.Therefore,this paper proposes a novel granulation-based long short-term memory(LsTM)-random forest(RF)combination model that can fully capture the feature dependencies involved in the fluctuation of SsT sequences,reduce the cumulative error in the iteration process,and extend the prediction horizons,which includes two sub-models(adaptive granulation model and hybrid prediction model).They can restack the one-dimensional ssT time-series into multidimensional feature variables,and achieve a strong forecasting ability.The analysis shows that the proposed model can achieve more accurate prediction-hours in nearly all prediction ranges from 1 to 125 h.The average prediction error of the proposed model in 25-125 h is 0.07 K,similar to that(0.067 K)in the first 24 h,which exhibits a high generalization performance and robustness and isthus a promising platform for the medium-and long-term forecasting of hourly SSTs.展开更多
Seed germination and seedling establishment are important for the reproductive success of plants,but seeds and seedlings typically encounter constantly changing environmental conditions.By inhibiting seed germination ...Seed germination and seedling establishment are important for the reproductive success of plants,but seeds and seedlings typically encounter constantly changing environmental conditions.By inhibiting seed germination and post-germinative growth through the PYR1/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors and PP2C co-receptors,the phytohormone abscisic acid(ABA)prevents premature germination and seedling growth under unfavorable conditions.However,little is known about how the ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and seedling establishment is thwarted.Here,we report that ABA Signaling Terminator(ABT),a WD40 protein,efficiently switches off ABA signaling and is critical for seed germination and seedling establishment.ABT is induced by ABA in a PYR1/PYL/RCAR-PP2C-dependent manner.Overexpression of ABT promotes seed germination and seedling greening in the presence of ABA,whereas knockout of ABT has the opposite effect.We found that ABT interacts with the PYR1/PYL/RCAR and PP2C proteins,interferes with the interaction between PYR1/PYL4 and ABI1/ABI2,and hampers the inhibition of ABI1/ABI2 by ABA-bound PYR1/PYL4,thereby terminating ABA signaling.Taken together,our results reveal a core mechanism of ABA signaling termination that is critical for seed germination and seedling establishment in Arabidopsis.展开更多
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(grants 41888101)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20070202).
文摘Thick sediments from foreland basins usually provide valuable information for understanding the relationships between mountain building,rock denudation,and sediment deposition.In this paper,we report environmental magnetic measurements performed on the Miocene sediments in the Subei Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau.Our results show two different patterns.First,the bulk susceptibility and SIRM,ARM,and HIRM mainly reflect the absolute-concentration of magnetic minerals;all have increased remarkably since 13.7 Ma,related to provenance change rather than climate change.Second,the ratios of IRM100mT/SIRM,IRM100mT/IRM30mT,and IRM100mT/IRM60mT,together with the redness and S ratio,reflect the relative-concentration of hematite,being climate-dependent.Their vertical changes correlate in general with the long-term Miocene climatic records of marine oxygen isotope variations,marked by the existence of higher ratios between 17 and 14 Ma.This may imply that global climate change,rather than uplift of the Tibetan Plateau,played a dominant role in the long-term climatic evolution of the Subei area from the early to middle Miocene.
基金funded by grants from Beijing Natural Science Foundation(M22031)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1203200,2022YFE0202600)+1 种基金Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2016-12M-1-014)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81871669,32070173,31471329 and 31601151).
文摘The emergence of influenza virus A pandemic H1N1 in April 2009 marked the first pandemic of the 21st century.In this study,we observed significant differences in the polymerase activities of two clinical 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus isolates from Chinese and Japanese patients.Sequence comparison of the three main protein subunits(PB2,PB1,and PA)of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex and subsequent mutational analysis revealed that a single amino acid substitution(E206K)was responsible for the observed impaired replication phenotype.Further in vitro experiments showed that presence of PAE206K decreased the replication of influenza A/WSN/33 virus in mammalian cells and a reduction in the virus’s pathogenicity in vivo.Mechanistic studies revealed that PAE206K is a temperature-sensitive mutant associated with the inability to transport PB1–PA complex to the nucleus at high temperature(39.5℃).Hence,this naturally occurring variant in the PA protein represents an ideal candidate mutation for the development of live attenuated influenza vaccines.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42088101]in part by the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)[grant number SML2021SP313]+1 种基金in part by the China-Korea Joint Ocean Research Center,China[grant number PI-2022-1]in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University[grant number 23xkjc019].
文摘Green macroalgae bloom(GMB),with the dominant species of Ulva prolifera,has regularly occurred since 2007 along the China coast.Although disaster prevention and control achieved favorable results in 2020,the satellite-observed GMB annual maximum coverage(AMC)rebounded sharply in 2021 to an unprecedented level.The reasons for this rebound and the significant interannual variability over past 15 years are still open questions.Here,by using long-term time-series(2007-2022)optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar satellite observations(1000+scenes),meteorological data and water quality statistics,the mechanism analysis was performed by exploring effects from natural factors and human activities.Two key determinants for AMC are successfully identified from numerous potential factors which are the macroalgae distribution in a key area(the Subei Shoal)during a critical period(from April to May 20)and the nutrient availability.Furthermore,by using these two parameters,a novel model for AMC prediction(R^(2)=0.87,p<0.01)is proposed and independently validated,which can reasonably explain the significant interannual variability(2014-2021)and agree well with the latest observation in 2022(percentage difference 12%).Finally,suggestions are proposed for future disaster prevention and alleviation.This work may aid future bloom prediction and management measure optimization.
基金supported by Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)-‘Dynamic monitoring and simulation of water cycle in Asian water tower area’[grant number 2019QZKK0206]Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science[grant number OFSLRSS202201]+1 种基金Ningxia Science and Technology Department Flexible Introduction talent project[grant number 2021RXTDLX14]Fengyun Application Pioneering Project[grant number FY-APP-2022.0205].
文摘Accurate predictions of sea surface temperature(SST)are crucial due to the significant impact of SST on the global ocean-atmospheric system and its potential to trigger extreme weather events.Many existing machine-learning-based ssT predictions adapt the traditional iterative point-wise prediction mechanism,whose predicting horizons and accuracy are limited owing to the high sensitivity to cumulative errors during iterative predictions.Therefore,this paper proposes a novel granulation-based long short-term memory(LsTM)-random forest(RF)combination model that can fully capture the feature dependencies involved in the fluctuation of SsT sequences,reduce the cumulative error in the iteration process,and extend the prediction horizons,which includes two sub-models(adaptive granulation model and hybrid prediction model).They can restack the one-dimensional ssT time-series into multidimensional feature variables,and achieve a strong forecasting ability.The analysis shows that the proposed model can achieve more accurate prediction-hours in nearly all prediction ranges from 1 to 125 h.The average prediction error of the proposed model in 25-125 h is 0.07 K,similar to that(0.067 K)in the first 24 h,which exhibits a high generalization performance and robustness and isthus a promising platform for the medium-and long-term forecasting of hourly SSTs.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0500503)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662018PY075)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730066,91540112)the Huazhong Agricultural University's Scientific and Technological Self-innovation Foundation(2015RC014).
文摘Seed germination and seedling establishment are important for the reproductive success of plants,but seeds and seedlings typically encounter constantly changing environmental conditions.By inhibiting seed germination and post-germinative growth through the PYR1/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors and PP2C co-receptors,the phytohormone abscisic acid(ABA)prevents premature germination and seedling growth under unfavorable conditions.However,little is known about how the ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination and seedling establishment is thwarted.Here,we report that ABA Signaling Terminator(ABT),a WD40 protein,efficiently switches off ABA signaling and is critical for seed germination and seedling establishment.ABT is induced by ABA in a PYR1/PYL/RCAR-PP2C-dependent manner.Overexpression of ABT promotes seed germination and seedling greening in the presence of ABA,whereas knockout of ABT has the opposite effect.We found that ABT interacts with the PYR1/PYL/RCAR and PP2C proteins,interferes with the interaction between PYR1/PYL4 and ABI1/ABI2,and hampers the inhibition of ABI1/ABI2 by ABA-bound PYR1/PYL4,thereby terminating ABA signaling.Taken together,our results reveal a core mechanism of ABA signaling termination that is critical for seed germination and seedling establishment in Arabidopsis.