Charging Properties and Particle Dynamics of Chang’e-5 Lunar Sample in an External Electric Field

Facing the challenges of in-situ utilization of lunar regolith resources,applying an external electric field to manipulate lunar particles has become a promising method for space particle control,which mainly depends on the particle charging properties in the applied electric field.Using the surficial lunar regolith samples brought back from the Moon by the Chang’e-5 mission(CE5 LS),this work successively studied their charging properties,particle dynamics,and their collision damages to aerospace materials under the action of an external electric field in high-vacuum conditions.The results indicated that the charging pro-cess and electrostatic projection of lunar regolith particles under high-vacuum conditions were different from those under atmosphere conditions.The particle diameter range of CE5 LS used in the experiment is 27.7-139.0 lm.For electric field strength of 3-12 kV·cm^(-1),the charge obtained by CE5 LS is 4.8×10^(-15)-4.7×10^(-13) C and the charge-to-mass ratio is 1.2×10^(-5)-6.8×10^(-4) C·kg^(-1).The CE5 LS is easier to be negatively charged in an external electric field.Furthermore,significant damages were observed on the target impact surfaces,indicating severe influences of lunar regolith particles on aerospace materials.Our work contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of physical mechanisms controlling the lunar regolith shielding and utilization,and will inspire broad efforts to develop the lunar in-situ engi-neering solutions.

Deactivation mechanisms and anti-deactivation strategies of molecular sieve catalysts for NO_(x)reduction

Molecular sieve catalysts,owing to their unique chemical properties,are widely used as catalysts among various catalytic reactions.Abundant Br?nsted acid sites in molecular sieve catalysts usually enable active components to disperse well on the catalyst surface,and help to adsorb a large number of gas molecules to achieve maximum catalytic performance.Therefore,a variety of molecular sieve catalysts have been developed and used in the selective catalytic reduction of NO_(x)by NH_(3)(NH_(3)-SCR).For example,Cu molecular sieve catalysts such as Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-SAPO-34 with wide temperature windows and stable structure are considered and applied as commercial catalysts for NO_(x)removal in diesel vehicles for a long time.Although molecular sieve catalysts possess many advantages,they still cannot avoid the serious deactivation caused by various factors in practical applications.In this review,reasons leading to the deactivation of molecular sieve catalysts for NO_(x)reduction in actual working conditions were concluded.The deactivation mechanisms of molecular sieve catalysts for NO_(x)reduction were analyzed and the corresponding anti-deactivation strategies were summarized.Finally,challenges and prospects of molecular sieve catalysts for NO_(x)reduction were also proposed.

Erratum to: Progress of organic magnetic materials [Sci.China-Phys. Mech. Astron. 62, 977501(2019)]

In the original publication of this paper[1],the address"State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials,School of Physics,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China,,should be changed to"School of Physics,State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China".The correct affiliation should be listed as:1 School of Physics,State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China;2 School of Information and Electronic Engineering,Sha dong Technology and Business University,Yantai 264005,China.

Core-shell structured Co@NC@MoS_(2)magnetic hierarchical nanotubes:Preparation and microwave absorbing properties

In this study,a new lightweight one-dimensional absorber Co@NC@MoS_(2)was designed and prepared.Firstly,polydopamine(PDA)was coated by oxidative self-polymerization with cobalt-nitrilotriacetic acid chelate nanowires(Co-NTAC)as template.Then core-shell structured magnetic hierarchical nanotubes(Co@PDA@MoS_(2))were prepared by one-step hydrothermal method.After thermal annealing,PDA layer was transformed into nitrogen doped carbon layer(NC)to obtain the efficient microwave absorber Co@NC@MoS_(2).The removal of template and growth of MoS_(2)were completed simultaneously,the preparation process was simplified.Because of its good magnetic loss and dielectric loss,Co@NC@MoS_(2)shows excellent microwave absorption performance.Under filler content of 15 wt.%,the minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))can reach-61.97 dB@9.2 GHz,and the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)is 5.6 GHz.The electromagnetic parameters of Co@NC@MoS_(2)can be further adjusted by changing the load of MoS_(2).Meanwhile,the structure and composition of Co@NC@MoS_(2)were systematically analyzed.The influence of the microstructure on the microwave absorbing properties was investigated,and the microwave attenuation mechanism is revealed.As an efficient and lightweight absorber,Co@NC@MoS_(2)has potential application value in the construction of new stealth coatings.

Progress of organic magnetic materials

Over the past years, the development of magnetic materials has been intensively explored, both for fundamental research and technological applications. Particularly, several materials with large magnetoresistance effect have received significant interest.In this study, we provide an analysis of the progress of organic magnetic materials and organic magnetoelectric complexes, thus paving the way for the understanding of organic magnetism and magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms. In addition, this analysis provides us a critical guide for future organic magnetic material design and fabrication.

Innovations in food waste management:from resource recovery to sustainable solutions

Food waste(FW)constitutes a significant portion of municipal solid waste(MSW)and represents an underutilized resource with substantial potential for energy generation.The effective management and recycling of FW are crucial for mitigating environmental issues and minimizing associated health risks.This comprehensive review provides an in-depth overview of current technological applications for converting FW into energy with the dual goals of reducing environmental impact and maximizing resource utilization.It covers various aspects,including pretreatment methods,biological technologies(e.g.,anaerobic digestion and fermentation),and thermal technologies(e.g.,incineration,pyrolysis,gasification,and hydrothermal carbonization).The analysis includes the scope,advantages and disadvantages of these techniques.Landfilling,composting,and incineration are widely considered the most prevalent methods of FW disposal and have substantial negative impacts on the environment.Advanced technologies such as anaerobic fermentation offer environmental benefits and are suitable for scaling up,reducing greenhouse gas emissions,and producing renewable energy such as biogas,thus reducing carbon emissions.The promotion and adoption of advanced technologies like anaerobic fermentation can contribute to more sustainable FW management practices,reduce environmental impacts,and support the transition to a circular economy.Additionally,this article presents successful case studies,emphasizing the importance of technological integration in FW treatment.Furthermore,this article outlines future directions for FW treatment,including advancements in biological treatment technologies,decentralized treatment systems,and the adoption of digital and data-driven FW management systems.These emerging trends aim to promote sustainable,resource-efficient,and environmentally responsible FW management practices.