In situ formed LiF-Li_(3)N interface layer enables ultra-stable sulfide electrolyte-based all-solid-state lithium batteries

Sulfide solid electrolytes are promising for high energy density and safety in all-solid-state batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and good mechanical properties.However,the application of sulfide solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries with lithium anode is restricted by the side reactions at lithium/electrolytes interfaces and the growth of lithium dendrite caused by nonuniform lithium deposition.Herein,a homogeneous LiF-Li_(3)N composite protective layer is in situ formed via a manipulated reaction of pentafluorobenzamide with Li metal.The LiF-Li_(3)N layer with both high interfacial energy and interfacial adhesion energy can synergistically suppress side reactions and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrite,achieving uniform deposition of lithium.The critical current densities of Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl are increased to 3.25 and 1.25 mA cm^(-2)with Li@LiF-Li_(3)N layer,which are almost triple and twice as those of Li-symmetric cells in the absence of protection layer,respectively.Moreover,the Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li10GeP2S12/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N cell can stably cycle for 9000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)under 0.1 mA h cm^(-2),and Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N cell achieves stable Li plating/stripping for 8000 h at 0.1 mA cm^(-2)under10 m A h cm^(-2).The improved dynamic stability of lithium plating/stripping in Li@LiF-Li_(3)N/Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)or Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl interfaces is proved by three-electrode cells.As a result,LiCoO_(2)/electrolytes/Li@LiF-Li_(3)N batteries with Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl exhibit remarkable cycling stability of 500 cycles with capacity retentions of 93.5%and 89.2%at 1 C,respectively.

Anisotropy of mechanical properties of 2297-T87 Al–Li alloy thick plates

The tensile properties of 2297-T87 Al–Li alloy thick plates at different thickness position and in different direction were analyzed via tensile testing,optical microscopy(OM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS),and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Results indicated that the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and yield strength(YS)of the alloy decreased firstly and then increased from the 1/8T position to the 1/2T position,whereas elongation to failure(Ef)decreased gradually such that its value along the rolling direction(RD)was higher than those along the transverse direction(TD)at the same thickness position.From the 1/8T position to the 3/8T position of the alloy,the UTS and YS along the TD were higher than those along the RD.At the 1/2T position of the alloy,the UTS,YS,and Ef along the RD were the highest,whereas those along the normal direction(ND)were the lowest.Microstructural observations further revealed that the anisotropy of tensile properties was related to grain morphology,crystal texture,second-phase particles,and Li atom segregation.

On the evolution and formation of discharge morphology in pulsed dielectric barrier discharge

The discharge morphology of pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(PDBD) plays important roles in its applications. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of the voltage amplitude,discharge gap, and O_(2)content on the PDBD morphology, and revealed the possible underlying mechanism of the U-shaped formation. First, the morphological evolution under different conditions was recorded. A unique U-shaped region appears in the middle edge region when the gap is larger than 2 mm, while the entire discharge region remains columnar under a 2 mm gap in He PDBD. The width of the discharge and the U-shaped region increase with the increase in voltage, and decrease with the increase of the gap and O_(2)content. To explain this phenomenon,a two-dimensional symmetric model was developed to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of different species and calculate the electric thrust. The discharge morphology evolution directly corresponds to the excited-state atomic reduction process. The electric thrust on the charged particles mainly determines the reaction region and strongly influences the U-shaped formation.When the gap is less than 2 mm, the electric thrust is homogeneous throughout the entire region,resulting in a columnar shape. However, when the gap is larger than 2 mm or O_(2)is added, the electric thrust in the edge region becomes greater than that in the middle, leading to the U-shaped formation. Furthermore, in He PDBD, the charged particles generating electric thrust are mainly electrons and helium ions, while in He/O_(2)PDBD those that generate electric thrust at the outer edge of the electrode surface are mainly various oxygen-containing ions.

Sterilization mechanism of helium/helium-oxygen atmospheric-pressure pulsed dielectric barrier discharge on membrane surface

Pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(PDBD) exhibits several applications in different fields;however,the interaction of its components with substances remains a key issue.In this study,we employed experimental and numerical modeling to investigate the interactions between different PDBD components and substances in pure helium and a helium-oxygen mixture.A membrane comprising a Staphylococcus aureus strain was utilized as the treatment object to demonstrate the trace actions of the evolutions and distributions of certain components on the surface of the substance.The results revealed that the shapes and sizes of the discharging area and inhibition zone differed between groups.Under a pure helium condition,a discharge layer existed along the membrane surface,lying beside the main discharging channel within the electrode area.Further,an annulus inhibition zone was formed at the outer edge of the electrode in the pure helium group at 30 s and 1 min,and this zone extended to a solid circle at 2 min with a radius that was~50% larger than that of the electrode radius.Nevertheless,the discharging channel and inhibition zone in the helium-oxygen mixture were constrained inside the electrode area without forming any annulus.A 2D symmetrical model was developed with COMSOL to simulate the spatiotemporal distributions of different particles over the membrane surface,and the result demonstrated that the main components,which formed the annulus inhibition zone under the pure helium condition,contributed to the high concentration of the He^(+)annulus that was formed at the outer edge of the electrode.Moreover,O^(+)and O_(2)^(+)were the main components that killed the bacteria under the helium-oxygen mixture conditions.These results reveal that the homogenization treatment on a material surface via PDBD is closely related to the treatment time and working gas.

Structure,ligands,and roles of GPR126/ADGRG6 in the development and diseases

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors(aGPCRs)are the second largest diverse group within the GPCR superfamily,which play critical roles in many physiological and patho-logical processes through cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions.The adhesion GPCR Adgrg6,also known as GPR126,is one of the better-characterized aGPCRs.GPR126 was previously found to have critical developmental roles in Schwann cell maturation and its mediated myelination in the peripheral nervous system in both zebrafish and mammals.Current studies have extended our understanding of GPR126-mediated roles during develop-ment and in human diseases.In this review,we highlighted these recent advances in GPR126 in expression profile,molecular structure,ligand-receptor interactions,and associated physiological and pathological functions in development and diseases.

陈鹤琴教育思想研究40年:回溯与展望

自1978年至2018年,我国关于陈鹤琴教育思想的研究主要经历了呼吁与奠基的评价阶段、回顾与审视的重寻阶段、研讨与论述的研论阶段、探求与求证的探求阶段四个时期,在成果数量、研究类型、主题内容、研究队伍、研究动因、研究方法等方面均有所发展。未来应科学审视历史经验,推进科研方法创新,在幼儿园课程改革、学前教育人才队伍建设以及学前教育研究成果转化等方面进一步发挥陈鹤琴教育思想的指导作用与启发价值,推动陈鹤琴教育思想研究的持续深入。

Comparisons of plant calcium fraction between two different vegetation zones in semi-arid region

To explore the characteristics of plant calcium(Ca) fraction, we analyzed 91 plant species in the Ningxia Habahu National Nature Reserve in Yanchi County of Ningxia and 84 plant species in Zhenglan Banner of Inner Mongolia. Results show that, for the two regions, there is no significant difference between Ca fraction for the same growth type, and between water soluble Ca content or between hydrochloric acid soluble Ca content for plants of the same ecosystem and between hydrochloric acid soluble Ca content for plants of the same family. In similar vegetation zones, there is a significant difference among hydrochloric acid soluble Ca content for different growth types in Yanchi County and Zhenglan Banner,which was the highest for annual herbs and the lowest for perennial herbs. There is a significant difference between acetic acid soluble Ca content and between hydrochloric acid soluble Ca content for sandy land and grassland ecosystems in Yanchi County. There is a significant difference among the same Ca fraction of different families in the same region. Thus, the characteristics of plant Ca fraction are results of long-term adaptation to the environment.

基于GAN的多模态医学图像非刚性配准研究

多模态医学图像配准作为医学图像分析技术中的关键技术,在诸如辅助诊断,手术导航等各类临床应用中发挥着重要作用。基于深度学习的配准方法是近年来的研究热点,但现有这类方法难以克服多模图像灰度差异的不利影响,同时难以精确学习图像中的形变。为此,本文设计了一种基于生成对抗网络的多模态医学图像非刚性配准方法。该方法先利用U-Net网络将多模态图像转换为单模图像,然后利用生成对抗网络学习转换图像的非刚性形变,由此实现多模图像的快速精确配准。在多模态脑部MR数据集BrainWeb上进行非刚性配准实验,实验结果显示:本方法相较于传统多模态配准算法和主流基于深度学习的多模态配准算法在配准精度上具有显著优势。

基于iOS的App社交软件

本论文从iOS系统的发展状况、研究前景分析了项目的目的和意义。介绍了项目的开发环境Xcode的用法,软件swift语言的发展和优越性。最后进行了软件的测试,展示了本软件的使用流程。通过本App,用户可以分享自己的工作生活经验,更加方便快捷的与别人交流,并交到志同道合的朋友,提升了用户方方面面的生活体验。

Investigation of stimulated growth effect using pulsed cold atmospheric plasma treatment on Ganoderma lucidum

Cold atmospheric plasma(CAP)driven by pulsed high-voltage power has specific advantages in various fields,such as the growth promotion of edible fungi in plasma agriculture.Compared with other strains,Ganoderma lucidum has the significant advantage of high medicinal value,but the shortcomings of low yield,long growth cycle,and an uneven market quality.In this study,Ganoderma lucidum was treated with a CAP powered by a homemade pulsed highvoltage power supply.Three groups of Ganoderma lucidum were treated under different conditions.The stalk lengths and pileus areas of Ganoderma lucidum were recorded to evaluate growth status.Results showed that treatment frequency affected growth status considerably.Ganoderma lucidum was treated with 40 s plasma once a week and showed an improved growth status with a 33.63%increase in average stalk length and a 28%increase in the number of individuals whose pileus areas was greater than the average.Meanwhile,the growth speed was accelerated.However,treatment at an excessive frequency would damage and slow down the growth of Ganoderma lucidum.

Features on N/P ratio of plants with different functional groups between two types of steppe in semi-arid area

The differences in nitrogen/phosphorus(N/P)ratios of different functional groups in ecology are more helpful in explaining species competition and community dynamics.Based on the functional groups of plant growth type,carbon metabolism pathway,root type and phylogenetic type,we analyzed characteristics of leaf N/P ratios of 77 species in Sanggendalai(typical grassland zone)of Zhenglan Banner,Inner Mongolia,China and 91 species in the Habahu National Nature Reserve(desertified grassland zone)in Yanchi County of Ningxia,China.The results show that the N/P ratio(16.91)of C3 plants in the desertified steppe was significantly larger than that(12.72)in the typical steppe,but there was no significant difference between the N/P ratios of C4 plants in the two zones.There was no significant difference in N/P ratios between C3 plants and C4 plants in the same zone.Similarly,the N/P ratio(16.60)of dicotyledons in desertified steppe were significantly higher than that(12.98)in typical steppe,while differences in N/P ratios between monocotyledonous plants of the two zones was not significant,and there existed no significant difference in N/P ratios between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants in the same zone.The N/P ratio had significant difference between gramineous and non-gramineous plants in the typical steppe but not in the desertified steppe,but there existed no significant difference in N/P ratios among different root types of perennial herbaceous plants in the same type of steppe or between two types of steppe.Thus,different features on the N/P ratios of C3 plants and dicotyledonous plants between typical steppe and desertified steppe may lead to different growth status of plants,and the N/P ratio stoichiometric of the same plant functional group may be a foundation of the changes of a plant community.

Analysis of Cognitive Investigation and Intervention of COVID-19 in Different Populations

Objective:To understand the rate of cognition and protection of COVID-19 in a community in Hubei province.Methods:The related knowledge,epidemic situation and self-protective measures of COVID-19 were investigated by mobile phone questionnaire among 836 people in a community in Hubei province.Results:The rate of the awareness of COVID-19’s relevant knowledge and the ways to obtain the epidemic situation varied among different age groups.After multi-channel intervention in the community,the rate of the awareness of COVID-19’s relevant knowledge increased from 75.0%to 96.2%,and the implementation rate of personal protection increased from 59.6%to 92.6%.Conclusion:It is of great significance to improve residents’awareness and protection consciousness and block the spread of COVID-19 in the community through multi-channel intervention.

Identification of serum metabolites enhancing inflammatory responses in COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),is characterized by a strong production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL-6,which underlie the severity of the disease.However,the molecular mechanisms responsible for such a strong immune response remains unclear.Here,utilizing targeted tandem mass spectrometry to analyze serum metabolome and lipidome in COVID-19 patients at different temporal stages,we identified that 611 metabolites(of 1,039)were significantly altered in COVID-19 patients.Among them,two metabolites,agmatine and putrescine,were prominently elevated in the serum of patients;and 2-quinolinecarboxylate was changed in a biphasic manner,elevated during early COVID-19 infection but levelled off.When tested in mouse embryonic fibroblasts(MEFs)and macrophages,these 3 metabolites were found to activate the NF-κB pathway that plays a pivotal role in governing cytokine production.Importantly,these metabolites were each able to cause strong increase of TNF and IL-6 levels when administered to wildtype mice,but not in the mice lacking NF-κB.Intriguingly,these metabolites have little effects on the activation of interferon regulatory factors(IRFs)for the production of type I interferons(IFNs)for antiviral defenses.These data suggest that circulating metabolites resulting from COVID-19 infection may act as effectors to elicit the peculiar systemic inflammatory responses,exhibiting severely strong proinflammatory cytokine production with limited induction of the interferons.Our study may provide a rationale for development of drugs to alleviate inflammation in COVID-19 patients.

20μm-Thick Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)-Based Flexible Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries

The doped garnet-type solid electrolytes are attracting great interest due to high ionic conductivity and excellent electrochemical stability against Li metal.However,the thick electrolyte layer and rigid nature as well as poor interfacial contact are huge obstacles for its application in all-solid-state lithium batteries.Herein,an ultrathin flexible Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)-(LLZTO-)based solid electrolyte with 90 wt%LLZTO content is realized through solvent-free procedure.The resultant 20μm-thick LLZTO-based film exhibits ultrahigh ionic conductance of 41.21 mS at 30℃,excellent oxidation stability of 4.6 V,superior thermal stability and nonflammability.Moreover,the corresponding Li||Li symmetric cell can stable cycle for more than 2000 h with low overpotential at 0.1mAcm^(-2)under 60℃.The assembled Li||LiFePO4 pouch cell with integrated electrolyte/cathode interface exhibits excellent rate performances and cycle performances with a capacity retention of 71.4%from 153 mAh g^(-1)to 109.2 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C over 500 cycles under 60℃.This work provides a promising strategy towards realizing ultrathin flexible solid electrolyte for high-performance all-solid-state lithium batteries.

Adsorption properties of the double-imprinted electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofibers

The adsorption properties of the Pb(Ⅱ)-Cd(Ⅱ) double-imprinted electrospun crosslinked chitosan nanofibers(Pd/Cd-DIECCNs) prepared by electropspinning and imprinting process for the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions were investigated. The prepared nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM) analysis. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the minimum fiber average diameter was obtained 110 nm. Then the adsorption experiments were carried out to study the effect of different adsorption parameters, such as pH, the ratio between Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ)in the mixed solutions, contact time, the Pd/Cd-DIECCNs dose and temperature in a batch system. The Extended Langmuir model was applied to describe the equilibrium data of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ). The maximum adsorption capacities of the Pd/Cd-DIECCNs arrived at 567 mg/g for Pb(Ⅱ) and 341 mg/g for Cd(Ⅱ), respectively.

Reversible light-driven magnetic switching of salen cobalt complex

Spin-crossover(SCO)metal complexes are expected to be widely used in data storage materials,display devices and sensors.Although a lot of spin-crossover photoswitches have been developed,the reversible photomodulation cases that work at room temperature are limited.Herein,a novel cobalt complex o-1-Co(II)wherein the salen unit bridges with bis-diarylethene has been designed as switch to construct"off-on"logic operation at room temperature.The complex o-1-Co(II)displays an abrupt,reversible and hysteretic spin crossover(T1/2↓=166 K,T1/2↑=177 K,andΔT1/2=11 K)between the high-spin(HS)and low-spin(LS)states.Meanwhile,photocyclization of o-1-Co(II)with UV light produces a photoresponsive closed form c-1-Co(II),which always stays at low-spin without SCO at all.Moreover,the magnetic switching of the complex can also be achieved with redox reactions between Co(II)and Co(III).

Rubicon: a facilitator of viral immune evasion

In a study published in cellular and molecular immunology,Wan et al.demonstrate a new mechanism of viral immune evasion.1 It was observed that Rubicon,the RUN domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein,is induced by viral infection and antagonizes interferon(IFN)production,thereby facilitating viral replication.This study not only demonstrates a direct link between Rubicon and NF-κB essential modulator(NEMO),but also demonstrates how the interaction between Rubicon and NEMO inhibits the production of type I interferon.This study shows a previously unrecognized function of Rubicon as an important negative regulator of the innate immune response.

Metabolic energy variation of yeast affects its antioxidant properties in beer brewing

Oxidation destroys the flavor and freshness of the beer,and yeast with improved antioxidant activity would benefit the flavor stability of the beer.The aim of this work was to study the antioxidant networks of lager yeast for brewing industry.Through transcriptome and metabolome analysis,we were able to map changes in anti-oxidant pathways and transcription of genes in lager yeast.Results suggested that metabolic energy variation in yeast might be the main reason for the improved anti-oxidant capacity.Lower metabolic rate kept the yeast at relatively lower respiratory status at the end of fermentation,thereby prolonging the lifespan and potentially supporting its usage in serial fermentations.Up-regulation of mannose synthesis and hexose transport strengthened the cell structure,which may have contributed to the anti-oxidant capacity of yeast.A deeper understanding of the globally regulation pattern of anti-oxidation in lager yeast is expected to support the design of strain development strategies for improved anti-oxidant capacity of yeast for fermentation industry.

Air exposure towards stable Li/Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12) interface for all-solid-state lithium batteries

Moist air is a great challenge for manufacturing sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries as the water in air will lead to severe decomposition of sulfide electrolytes and release H2S gas.However,different with direct reaction with water,short-period air exposure of Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12) sulfide electrolyte with controlled humidity can greatly enhance the stability of Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12) against lithium metal,thus realizing stable Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12) based all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.During air exposure,partial hydrolysis reaction occurs on the surface of Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12) pellets,rapidly generating a protective decomposition layer of Li4P2S6,GeS2 and Li2HPO3 in dozens of seconds.This ionically conductive but electronically insulation protecting layer can effectively prevent the severe interface reaction between Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12) and lithium metal during electrochemical cycling.The Li/40s-air-exposed Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)/Li cell shows long cycling stability for 1000 h.And the LiCoO_(2)/40s-air-exposed Li_(10)GeP_(2)S_(12)/Li batteries present good rate capability and long cyclic performances,showing capacity retention of 80%after 100 cycles.